A&p Lecture Exam 1 content PDF - Biology, Anatomy & Physiology

Biological organization > - Atom , molecule , cell , tissue...

Biological organization > - Atom , molecule , cell , tissue , organ Organ system. Chemical , cellular , Tissue , organ , organ system, organismal Sodium-potassium pump : moves 3 Nat out and 2k in using ATp Skin Sensory receptor's : Meissner's corpuscles detect light touch , while pacimian corpusces detect deep pressure Fibrosis replaces damaged tissue with scar Missue Instead of regenerating the original tissue Stratum corneum consists of dead Keratinized cells that prevent water loss and provide protective layer How does Melanin help to protect the skin ? Melanin UV radiation protect absorbs light to DNA from damage. A of similiar from tissue Atissue group made cells a , is of cells up Definition of have organ- an organ is when you tissues a group of E or more 4 basic tissues # epithelia tissue * connective tissue * muscle tissue * nervous tissue Multiple organ systems ve a organ system -  Homeostasis Scenario Example 1 : Theresa receptor = Chemo receptor > - stimulus : carbon dioxide Control Center = Brain level was high Effector = diaphram Example 2 : John Effector The control center sends signals to - Feedback-reverses changes Homeostatis Negative to positive feedback increases Stimulus - most diseases are due to homeostatic imbalance The model for the phospholipid bilayer is casted the find mosaic model. Fluid because it can move from side to side , It is because It has plenty mosaic components * lipid * Carbohydrates * poten The phosphate end is hydrophilic Tail is hydrophobic barrier Plasma membrane is the between the cell It. protects the cell In the find mosaic model , instead of there Three Fatty Acids It is 2 fatty Acid and a being · phosphate Carbohydrate that is attached to a lipid and Attached carbohydrate that is to a protein , the two that is combined called Glycocaly together is find mosaic model lipid phospholipid bilayer rigid find * in is moves from side sideto Cholestero - another lind restricts Movement of lipid helps with stability Two proteins in phospholipid by layer peripheral proteins - Attached to the outside of rat - Do Not extend through lipid Integ proteins > bilayer integral proteins/ transmembrane 3 protein- the inside of the membrane firmly affacthed to If it is lipid soluble , 17 can pass through the membrane easily Alcohol , Benline , , Oxygen Anything that is easily dissolved In water can not pass through they use membrane proteins Membrane transport * Active process uses #TP (energy) occurs cells living - in , # passive process-occurs in living or nonliving cells , No ATp passive transport processes that don't use ATp * simple diffusion * facilitated diffusion - channel mediated , carrier mediated * Osmosis - movement of water from high concentration to low concentration. know This !I red blood When Solution a. cell is dropped in hypotonic * It will swell and burst-lysis When a red blood cell is dropped in hypertonic shrink Solution. It will or shrivel-crenation Example Scenario : Normal Saline - > hypotonic Saline Blood cen suppose to be dropped in normal saline but got dropped in hyporonic saline. The cell will cell and burst. Active processes * Active transport * used to Secrete vesicular transport - mucus in the goblet cell , specifically excocytosis Example Scenarios : When a small polar solute binds to a membrane protein and the membrane protein change shape to cross the plasma membrane what this ? process is facilitated Diffusion When a cell is placed in a solution With a very low solute concentration What is the name that is given to it ? Hypotonic Couple transport- One substance moving against the concentration gradient , uses energy to bring in a Second molecule - Secondary Active transport hypodermis-anchors the Skino the under lying structure, like muscle or bone stratur Germantante called - also Stratum basale has cell division- also called mitosis Stratum basale is closest to the busement membrane Functions of the Skin * protection from pathogens , , water loss, Physical invury/abrasions, · A protects from treat loss receptors of Skin * Sensation- messnor corpulls * production of vitamin D Free nerve endings Function : pain receptor Phiesner corpuscles : Deep pressure proteins found in the skin : & ↓ made from Amino Acids ① Collagen Fiber ② elastin ③ reticular ④ Keratin ⑤ melanin How is the skin involved in Homeostasis ? It produces sweat to regulate the temperature/thermo regulation. cold Blood vessel restriction = Hot = Blood vessel dialation What is the structure that protect against loss of water from the Skin ? Glycolipids What are the exocrine glands that are in the Skin ? ① merrocrine sweat gland and -In Axillary ② hypocrine sweat gland public region ③ Oll - Sebaceous gland-sebum produces to lubricate the Skin  What does endocrine glands produce ? hormones * - * Thyrogland * pancreas-produce insulin white blood cells helps us to fight infections , andlangerhan cell/epidermal dendritic cell , microphages langernan cells and microphages eat up other cells What are the tissues in the Skin ? +issue Nervous +issue ① epithelial 2 ② connective /[reconnectsSeI tissue O Muscle tissue = 3 Arrector pili freticular tissue tissue , Muscle  derms layers in layer * papilary Arcola connective tissue - is the in popilary layer * rencuary-dense irregular Connective tissue 7 Thickest L T Cells in dermis layer zuger * Keratinocy tes 80% of - to produce keratin Skin * melanocytes - to produce melanin cell-Activate * lunger han cell/dendrutc Immune system * merkel cell/ factile cell-sensory receptors Fingerprinting * unique/genetically determined Tissue repairs in Skin ① Fibrosis/Bone has regenerating capacity pericardiac issue and nervous tissue can not repair. - - Merrocrine are exocytosis N not altered Allocrine N destroyed by process