Analyzing Data - PDF

Warm-Up ? Analyzing Data Lesson Question How are data analyzed? Lesson Goals validity Analyze data to determine Examine charts and graphs to predict trends in the data. W 2K reliability and Apply the concepts of mean, median, and mode to a data set.. Use data to draw inferences and formulate conclus...

Warm-Up ? Analyzing Data Lesson Question How are data analyzed? Lesson Goals validity Analyze data to determine Examine charts and graphs to predict trends in the data. W 2K reliability and Apply the concepts of mean, median, and mode to a data set.. Use data to draw inferences and formulate conclusions. Words to Know Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you. quantitative data analyze qualitative data linear nonlinear to examine in detail a type of non-numerical, descriptive data forming a straight line not forming a straight line mode the number that occurs most often in a set of data points graph a visual representation of data mean the average of a list of numbers median © Edgenuity, Inc. a type of numerical data that can be measured the middle value in an ordered list of numbers 1 Warm-Up Analyzing Data Experimental Design Principles Different scientific designs follow a similar method. Good design and repeatability ensure valid results. Repetition reduces mistakes and increases confidence in the results. Replication should produce the same results. Data must be reliable and consistent. Accuracy is the closeness of measured values to the accepted value. Precision is the closeness of measured values to other measured values. © Edgenuity, Inc. Reproducibility is the ability of data to be duplicated. 2 Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 2 Valid vs. Invalid Data verified Valid data can be and reproduced by the researcher and other scientists. Invalid data may result from: inadequate data. false data. measurement the 4 inability or recording errors. to reproduce data. Types of Data Qualitative data are Can be observed Quantitative data are © Edgenuity, Inc. non-numerical , descriptive data. but not measured numerical 3 data that can be measured. Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 4 Data Analysis Quantitative displayed data can be in different ways. Example: 2.5 1 22 250% 7 Collect data. Analyze data. Draw conclusions Organize data. Types of Graphs A graph is a visual representation of data. Communicates complicated facts Presents statistics in a way that is easy to understand Displays data in a variety of ways © Edgenuity, Inc. 4. Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 7 Line Graphs changes Line graphs often show Deer Population over Time time over a period of. The x-axis displays time period. The y-axis shows what is being measured. Line graphs may be nonlinear 40 30 20 10 0 0 linear 1 2 3 4 Time (years) or. Equations can be made from the data. Bar Graphs Bar graphs compare particular categories Used to see quickly quantities for Circle the average height of a sunflower after three weeks.. Average Plant Height after Three Weeks relationships 14.0 12.0 Average Height (cm) 9 Number of Deer 50 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Grass Sunflower Plants © Edgenuity, Inc. 5 Birch Tree 5 Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 9 Pie Graphs Pie graphs show the relationship among parts of a whole. Circle the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. 12 Scatterplots Scatterplots show the relationship between two Draw an arrow to show the relationship between study time and quiz grade. © Edgenuity, Inc. 6 variables. Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 12 Histograms A histogram represents the Groups distribution numbers into of data. ranges Frequency Distributions Frequency distributions group data into particular value occurs. © Edgenuity, Inc. Age Frequency 10–14 4 15–19 6 20–24 8 25–29 7 30–34 6 35–39 4 7 categories and show how often a Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 15 Mean Mean is the Mean = average Sum of a list of numbers. of all the data points Total number of data points EXAMPLE A scientist wants to know how well some bacteria grow on plates. He uses the same bacteria on five separate plates, and counts the number of colonies. His results are shown in the table. © Edgenuity, Inc. Plate Number of colonies 1 2 2 4 3 3 4 1 5 0 What is the mean number of bacterial colonies on the plates? 2+4+3+1+0 5 10 = 5 Mean = = 8 2 Instruction Analyzing Data Slide 17 Median Median is the ordered middle value in an list of numbers. If the number of data points is odd , it is the point directly in the middle. If the number of data points is even , it is the average of the two middle numbers. 4+5 2 9 = 2 Median = = 4.5 Mode most Mode is the number that occurs points. often in a Example: 1,1,1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9 © Edgenuity, Inc. 9 set of data Summary ? Lesson Question Analyzing Data How are data analyzed? Answer (Sample answer) Data are analyzed by using multiple types of graphs and statistics that display data in a variety of ways. By organizing the data in this way, scientists can better understand the trends represented by the data. Slide 2 Review: Key Concepts Valid data can be verified and reproduced by the scientists. Invalid data may result from inadequate researcher data, false data, measurement or recording errors, or the inability to reproduce data. © Edgenuity, Inc. 10 and other Summary Analyzing Data Slide 2 Review: Key Concepts Graphs are visual representations that display data in a variety of ways. Line graphs show changes over time. Bar graphs compare quantities for particular categories. Pie graphs show the relationship among parts of a whole. Scatterplots show the relationship between two variables. Histograms represent the distribution of data. Frequency distributions group data into categories and show how often a particular value occurs. Review: Key Concepts Statistics can help scientists understand trends. Mean is the average of a list of numbers. Median is the middle value in an ordered list of numbers. Mode is the number that occurs most often in a set of data points. © Edgenuity, Inc. 11 Summary Analyzing Data Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson. © Edgenuity, Inc. 12