7_PHARM 104.1_Phytochemical Analysis of Articles of Biological Origins.pdf

PHARM 104.1: PHARMACOGNOSY LAB PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGINS Professor [] OUTLINE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Evaluation of the Chemical Constituents of a Plant Phytochemical Screening Considerations for the Preparation of Crude Extracts WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITI...

PHARM 104.1: PHARMACOGNOSY LAB PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGINS Professor [] OUTLINE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Evaluation of the Chemical Constituents of a Plant Phytochemical Screening Considerations for the Preparation of Crude Extracts WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES 1. Screen the different group of compounds present in the sample through phytochemical tests. 2. Perform analyses other than simple phytochemical screening like Quantitative Analysis of a specific group of metabolites or Chromatographic Separation of the plant’s phytochemical constituents. 3. The physical attributes of certain metabolites are analyzed by microscopy in some experiments. 4. Isolate a particular group of metabolites and application of the phytochemical analyses to confirm the identity of the isolated products. link to the Part of the Lab Manual: PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES OF BIOL… PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Phytochemical analysis has found its significance in both the drug discovery process and in the quality control of herbal preparations. Isolation, separation and purification of compounds from natural sources would require proper knowledge in the chemical constituents to identify those responsible for the biological activity. From regulatory point of view, chemical identification of herbal preparations or crude drugs aids in monitoring instances of adulteration or sophistication (Evans, 2009). EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF A PLANT This primarily involves: 1. Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Tests, 2. Chemical Assays, or 3. Instrumental Analysis. Chemical evaluation also involves: (Shah & Seth, 2010): 1. Isolation, 2. Purification and Identification, or 3. Characterization procedures (employing chromatographic and spectroscopic methods) PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING Phytochemical screening - The qualitative testing of the chemical constituents of plants. A preliminary step done usually in the crude extract of the plant of interest. CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CRUDE EXTRACTS In preparing crude extracts, you have to consider: (Silva, et al., 1998): 1. The choice of solvent, 2. Extraction process, and 3. Presence of interfering compounds ARCANGEL, DOCUYANAN, MALONZO, MATAAC, PARK 1