5.0-CSC441-Elements-of-Multimedia-Animation.pdf

ELEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ANIMATION Compiled by: Ts. Dr. Rashidah Mokhtar OUTLINE Captured Animation & Image Sequences Digital Cel & Sprite Animation Motion Graphics 3D Animation Key Frame Animation Virtual Reality Web Animation & Flash 2 CAPTURED ANIMATION & IMAGE SEQUENCES 3 INTRODUCTION T...

ELEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ANIMATION Compiled by: Ts. Dr. Rashidah Mokhtar OUTLINE Captured Animation & Image Sequences Digital Cel & Sprite Animation Motion Graphics 3D Animation Key Frame Animation Virtual Reality Web Animation & Flash 2 CAPTURED ANIMATION & IMAGE SEQUENCES 3 INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION Animation is defined as the act of making something come alive. It is concerned with the visual or aesthetic aspect of the project. Animation is an object moving across or into or out of the screen. In animation, a series of images are rapidly changed to create an illusion of movement. 4 WHAT IS ANIMATION • The creation of moving pictures one frame at a time • Literally 'to bring to life’ • e.g. make a sequence of drawings on paper, in which a character's position changes slightly in each drawing • Photograph drawings in sequence, using movie camera that advances one frame at a time 5 EXAMPLE OF ANIMATION PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION Persistence of Vision (Biological) Phi (Psychological) Animation a series of images are rapidly changed to create an illusion of movement. PERSISTENCE OF VISION PHI PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION • Frames • Flickering DIGITAL CEL & SPRITE ANIMATION 11 TRADITIONAL METHODS • Drawings/paintings on paper • 1440 drawings for every minute of film • • • • 12 Cel Painted or scratched film Cut-outs Clay animation (Claymation) TRADITIONAL METHODS Cel animation • Cel animation begins with keyframes. Keyframes refer to the first and the last frame of an action. • The frames in between the keyframes are drawn in the tweening process. • Tweening depicts the action that takes place between keyframes. • Tweening is followed by the pencil test. TRADITIONAL METHODS Cel animation • Cel animation is a technique in which a series of progressively different graphics are used on each frame of movie film. • Cel animation: Also known as hand drawn animation uses a number of celluloid sheets to drawn frames. • The term "cel" is derived from the clear celluloid sheets that were used for drawing each frame. TRADITIONAL METHODS Cel animation process Keyframes Tweening Pencil Test Ink and Paint CAPTURED ANIMATION • Computer + video camera + traditional technique • Frame grabbing – record each frame to disk • Save as QuickTime &c, edit non-linearly like video • Can also use scanner or digital still camera, or create each frame in a graphics program (e.g. Painter) 16 DIGITAL CEL • Use layers (e.g. in Photoshop) like sheets of acetate in traditional cel animation • e.g. static background on one layer, moving simple object on a layer in front of it. Make the object move by repositioning the layer • More complex cases, just need to change those layers where movement or other change occurs between frames 17 SPRITE ANIMATION • Store a single copy of all static elements and moving objects (sprites) and a description of how the objects move • Each sprite can be a collection of images called sprite faces, which can be substituted in sequence to produce composite motion • e.g. walk cycle • https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/introduction-to-sprite-animations 18 COMPUTER ANIMATION Computer animation is very similar to cel animation. 19 The primary difference is in how much must be drawn by the animator and how much is automatically generated by the software. COMPUTER ANIMATION • Kinematics is the study of the movement and motion of structures that have joints. • Inverse kinematics is the process of linking objects, and defining their relationship and limits. • Morphing is an effect in which a still or moving image is transformed into another. FILE FORMATS USED IN ANIMATION .dir and .dcr - Director files. .fli and .flc - AnimatorPro files. .max - 3D Studio Max files. .pics - SuperCard and Director files. .fla and .swf - Flash files. 21 FILE FORMATS USED IN ANIMATION GIF89a file format: – It is a version of the GIF image format. – GIF89a allows multiple images to be put into a single file and then be displayed as an animation in the Web browser. – Applications like BoxTop Software's GIFmation or ULead's GIF Animator are needed to create GIF89a animation. KEY FRAME ANIMATION 23 KEY FRAME ANIMATION • Traditional: key frames drawn by chief animators at important points in the animation • In-between frames drawn by less skilled animators • Computer-based: key frames drawn explicitly • In-between frames interpolated by software 24 KEYFRAMES AND TWEENING WEB ANIMATION & FLASH 26 SWF • Popular Web animation format • Usually generated by Macromedia Flash • Vector animation format • Motion represented as numerical operations on vector data • Can also include bitmapped images (e.g. as backgrounds) 27 FLASH • Timeline – graphical representation of sequence of frames • Key frames – drawn/copied from previous and transformed • Simple frames – hold on previous key frame • Stage – sub-window in which frames are created by drawing with vector tools • Can also import bitmaps as objects, add text 28 MOTION GRAPHICS 29 MOTION GRAPHICS • Like time-based graphic design • Move, transform, alter layers of a bitmapped image between frames • Apply time-varying filters and effects • After Effects supports linear and Bézier interpolation in both space and time (rate of change) • Can have new effects that only make sense 30 ANIMATED GIFS • Sequence of images can be stored in a single GIF file, and displayed one after another by a Web browser or other software • No browser plug-in required • Can specify looping, delay between frames • 256 colour palette • No sound 31 3D ANIMATION 32 3-D ANIMATION • "Easy to describe but much harder to do" • Properties of 3-D models (shape, size, position, rotation, surface characteristics, etc), light sources and cameras are numerically defined • Animate a scene by changing the numbers, rendering a new frame, changing further … • Can make objects move, or move the camera • Requires 3-D visualization and animation skills 33 VIRTUAL REALITY 34 VIRTUAL REALITY • Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated simulation in which a person can interact within an artificial three-dimensional environment using electronic devices, such as special goggles with a screen or gloves fitted with sensors. In this simulated artificial environment, the user is able to have a realistic-feeling experience. • Strictly, an immersive sensory experience of a synthetic world • Virtual reality (VR) creates an immersive artificial world that can seem quite real, via the use of technology. • Head-mounted displays, data gloves, haptic interfaces, etc • Draggable panorama, objects that can be moved round, etc • Through a virtual reality viewer, users can look up, down, or any which way, as if they were actually there. • Virtual reality has many use-cases, including entertainment and gaming, or acting as a sales, educational, or training tool. 35 Digital Multimedia, 2nd edition Nigel Chapman & Jenny Chapman Multimedia Making It Work, Tay Vaughan, 2014, 9th Edition, McGraw Hill. https://yslaiseblog.wordpress.com/ REFERENCES https://optimus.keycdn.com/support/lossy-vslossless/ https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/introductionto-sprite-animations https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/virtu alreality.asp#:~:text=Virtual%20reality%20(V R)%20refers%20to,or%20gloves%20fitted% 20with%20sensors. 36 THANK YOU