The Genital System of the Female PDF

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬ U.OF.G Faculty of Medicine Department of Anatomy The genital system of the female By Dr. Azhari Dafa Alla  The genital system of the female is divided into external genitalia internal genitalia  exte...

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬ U.OF.G Faculty of Medicine Department of Anatomy The genital system of the female By Dr. Azhari Dafa Alla  The genital system of the female is divided into external genitalia internal genitalia  external genitalia-Vulva- includes mons pubis labia majora labia minora clitoris vestibule of the vagina vestibular bulb greater vestibular glands. Vulva  The mons pubis is a rounded, hair-bearing elevation of skin found anterior to the pubis Vulva  Labia Majora The labia majora are prominent, hair-bearing folds of skin extending posteriorly from the mons pubis to unite posteriorly in the midline. Labia Minora The labia minora are two smaller, hairless folds of soft skin that lie between the labia majora. Their posterior ends are united to form a sharp fold, the fourchette. Anteriorly, they split to enclose the clitoris, forming an anterior prepuce and a posterior frenulum. Vulva  Vestibule The vestibule is a smooth triangular area bounded laterally by the labia minora, with the clitoris at its apex and the fourchette at its base Vulva  Greater Vestibular Glands The greater vestibular glands are a pair of small mucus-secreting glands that lie under cover of the posterior parts of the bulb of the vestibule and the labia majora. Each drains its secretion into the vestibule by a small duct, which opens into the groove between the hymen and the posterior part of the labium minus. These glands secrete a lubricating mucus during sexual intercourse. Greater Vestibular Glands  Clitoris corresponds to the penis in the male, is situated at the apex of the vestibule anteriorly. It has a structure similar to the penis. Root of the Clitoris The root of the clitoris is made up of three masses of erectile tissue called the bulb of the vestibule the right and left crura Clitoris  The bulb of the vestibule corresponds to the bulb of the penis, but because of the presence of the vagina, it is divided into two halves. It is attached to the undersurface of the urogenital diaphragm and is covered by the bulbospongiosus muscles. The crura of the clitoris correspond to the crura of the penis and become the corpora cavernosa anteriorly. Each covered by an ischiocavernosus muscle. Clitoris  Body of the Clitoris The body of the clitoris consists of two corpora cavernosa covered by their ischiocavernosus muscles. The corpus spongiosum is represented by a small amount of erectile tissue leading from the vestibular bulbs to the glans. Clitoris  Glans of the Clitoris is a small mass of erectile tissue that caps the body of the clitoris. It is provided with numerous sensory endings. Clitoris  Blood Supply Branches of the external and internal pudendal arteries on each side Nerve Supply The anterior parts are supplied by the ilioinguinal nerves the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerves. The posterior parts are supplied by the branches of the perineal nerves and the posterior cutaneous nerves of the thigh  internal genitalia Vagina Uterus Uterine Tube Ovary  Vagina Is a muscular tube extends upward and backward between the vulva and the uterus. It measures about 3 in. (8 cm) long. The cervix of the uterus pierces its anterior wall. The upper half of the vagina lies above the pelvic floor within the pelvis the lower half lies within the perineum The vagina The vagina  Relations Anteriorly: is related to the bladder above to the urethra below. Posteriorly: The upper third is related to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) its middle third to the ampulla of the rectum. The lower third is related to the perineal body Laterally: its upper part is related to the ureter its middle part is related to the anterior fibers of the levator ani  Relations of the vagina Lateral relations Anterior & posterior relations  its lower part is related to the urogenital diaphragm and the bulb of the vestibule  Relations of the vagina Lateral relations Anterior & posterior relations  Supports of the Vagina Upper third: Levatores ani muscles and transverse cervical, pubocervical, and sacrocervical ligaments Middle third: Urogenital diaphragm Lower third: Perineal body Supports of the Vagina  Uterus The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls. In the young nulliparous adult, it measures 3 in. (8 cm) long, 2 in. (5 cm) wide, and 1 in. (2.5 cm) thick. It is divided into fundus body cervix The cervix is the narrow part of the uterus. It pierces the anterior wall of the vagina is divided into supravaginal part vaginal part. The uterus  The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal It communicates with the cavity of the body through the internal os and with that of the vagina through the external os  Relations Anteriorly: The body of the uterus is related to the uterovesical pouch and the superior surface of the bladder The supravaginal cervix is related to the superior surface of the bladder. The vaginal cervix is related to the anterior fornix of the vagina. Posteriorly: The body of the uterus is related to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) with coils of ileum or sigmoid colon within it  Laterally: The body is related to the broad ligament uterine artery and vein The supravaginal cervix is related to the ureter The vaginal cervix is related to the lateral fornix of the vagina.  Relations Lateral relation Anterior & posterior relations  Positions of the Uterus In most women, the long axis of the uterus is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina. This position is referred to as anteversion of the uterus. Furthermore, the long axis of the body of the uterus is bent forward at the level of the internal os with the long axis of the cervix. This position is termed anteflexion of the uterus. Positions of the Uterus  In some women, the fundus and body of the uterus are bent backward on the vagina so that they lie in the rectouterine pouch In this situation, the uterus is said to be retroverted. If the body of the uterus is, in addition, bent backward on the cervix, it is said to be retroflexed  Supports of the Uterus is supported mainly by the tone of the levatores ani The Transverse Cervical Ligament Pubocervical Ligament Sacrocervical Ligament These three ligaments are attached to the cervix and the vault of the vagina In addition are the broad ligaments and the round ligaments The Transverse Cervical, Pubocervical, and Sacrocervical Ligaments The broad ligaments and the round ligaments Broad ligamen Round ligament  Ovary is oval in shape measuring 1.5 by 0.75 in. (4 by 2 cm) is attached to the back of the broad ligament by the mesovarium. the lateral wall of the pelvis by the suspensory ligament of the ovary. the lateral margin of the uterus by the round ligament of the ovary  The ovary usually lies against the lateral wall of the pelvis in a depression called the ovarian fossa The position of the ovary is often found hanging down in the rectouterine pouch During pregnancy, the enlarging uterus pulls the ovary up into the abdominal cavity. After childbirth the ovary takes up a variable position in the pelvis.  The ovary Location & ligaments Ligaments Location  Uterine Tube The uterine tubes are each about 4 in. (10 cm) long They lie in the upper border of the broad ligament The uterine tube is divided into four parts: The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped lateral end that projects beyond the broad ligament and overlies the ovary. The free edge of the funnel has several fingerlike processes, known as fimbriae The ampulla is the widest part of the tube The isthmus is the narrowest part of the tube and lies just lateral to the uterus The intramural part is the segment that pierces the uterine wall The uterine tube