Speech Writing Process 2nd QA Oral Comm. PDF

**The Speech Writing Process** - **Pre-Writing** (Conducting and audience analysis, Determining the purpose of the speech, Selecting topic, Narrowing down a topic, Gathering data.) - **Actual Writing** (Selecting a speech pattern, Preparing outline, Creating body of speech, Prepari...

**The Speech Writing Process** - **Pre-Writing** (Conducting and audience analysis, Determining the purpose of the speech, Selecting topic, Narrowing down a topic, Gathering data.) - **Actual Writing** (Selecting a speech pattern, Preparing outline, Creating body of speech, Preparing the introduction), - **Re-Writing** (Editing and/or Revising, Rehearsing) Components of Speech Writing Process: 1. **Audience Analysis** - Profile of your target audience. This is done so you can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to your audience. ( ** Demography / Situation / Psychology** ) 2. **Purpose -** The purpose for writing and delivering the speech is classified into three: A. **Informative Speech** - Provides audience with a clear understanding of the concept or idea presented by the speaker. B. **Entertainment Speech** - Provides the audience amusement. C. **Persuasive Speech** - Provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influences their own beliefs and decisions. 3. **Topic** - Your main point. It can be determined once you have decided on your purpose. ◦If you are free to decide on a topic, choose one that really interest you. 4. **Narrowing down a topic** - It means that you are making your main idea more specific and focused. 5. **Data Gathering** - Stage where you collect ideas, information, sources, and references relevant or related to your specific topic. 6. **Writing patterns** - In general, are structures that will help you organize the ideas related to your topic. - **Biographical** - Presents description of your life of a person, famous or not. - **Categorical/Topical** - Presents related categories supporting the topic. - **Causal** - Presents cause-effect relationships. - **Chronological** - Presents the idea in time order. - **Comparison/Contrast** - Presents comparison/contrast of two or three points. - **Problem-solution** - Presents an identified problem, its causes and recommended solutions. 7. **Outline** - a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas. Elements of an outline include introduction, body and conclusion. Write your outline based on how you want your ideas to develop. 8. **Introduction** - The foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of your audience and present the subject or main idea of your speech. 9. **Body of the Speech** - Provides an explanation, examples, or any details that can help you deliver your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech. 10. **Conclusion** - restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary, emphasizes the message and calls for action. It aims to leave the audience with a memorable statement. 11. **Editing/Revising** - your written speech involves correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence and others. 1\. **Edit for Focus** - Ensure that everything you have written, from introduction to conclusion, is related to your central message. 2\. **Edit for Clarity** - Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging them in logical order.\ 3. **Edit for Concision** - Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories and sentences and by using simple words. 4. **Edit for Continuity** - Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition words and phrases.\ 5. **Edit for Variety** - Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style from formal to conversational and vice versa, moving around the stage, or adding humor. 6\. **Edit for Impact and Beauty** - Make your speech memorable by using the strategies; surprise the audience, use vivid descriptive images, write well-crafted and memorable lines, and use figure of speech.\ 12. **Rehearsing** - it gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you and for your target audience.\ \ **Insights on Public Speaking** - Delivery is as essential as content in speech. - Effective speaking combines natural ability and learned skills. - Good delivery is clear, coherent, and engaging (Stephen Lucas, 2011). **Types of Speech According to Purpose** 1. **Informative Speech** - Educates the audience on a concept or topic. - Provides a clear understanding of ideas. 2. **Entertainment Speech** - Captivates and amuses the audience while delivering a message. 3. **Persuasive Speech** - Seeks to influence the audience's ideas or decisions. **Types of Speech Delivery** 1. **Impromptu Delivery** - Minimal preparation time. - Encourages quick thinking but limits research and organization. 2. **Manuscript Delivery** - Reading from a prepared text. - Ideal for complex or detailed speeches. 3. **Memorized Delivery** - Delivered word-for-word from memory. - Requires extensive practice and precision. 4. **Extemporaneous Delivery** - Uses an outline or keyword notes. - Balances preparation with spontaneity. **Tips for Effective Speech Delivery** 1. **Appearance** - Dress appropriately and reflect your audience\'s preferences. 2. **Movement** - Avoid involuntary or distracting movements; use purposeful gestures. 3. **Posture** - Stand confidently and avoid leaning or slouching. 4. **Facial Expressions** - Use a warm smile and confident expressions to connect with the audience. 5. **Eye Contact** - Engage with the audience directly to maintain interest. 6. **Volume** - Adjust loudness to suit the audience size and venue. 7. **Articulation** - Pronounce words clearly and correctly to avoid miscommunication. 8. **Time Management** - Adhere to the allocated time and prepare accordingly. 9. **Language** - Tailor language to suit your audience\'s understanding. 10. **Stories and Anecdotes** - Use these sparingly to capture interest without overdoing them. **Tools for Effective Speech Delivery** - **Audience Connection:** Establish rapport through eye contact and interaction. - **Voice Use:** Balance volume, pitch, speed, and pauses for vocal variety. - **Presentation:** Present yourself confidently and professionally. **Additional Tips** - Use a conversational tone. - Avoid fillers like \"um\" or \"uh.\" - Stand straight and maintain balanced weight. - Pause for emphasis on key points. - Enunciate clearly and avoid monotone. - Begin with a small story or anecdote to engage the audience. - Dress appropriately and observe ethical considerations. - Relax by breathing deeply before speaking. - Delivered with minimal or no preparation time. - Often delivered on the spot, requiring the speaker to rely on their knowledge and quick thinking. 1. **Past, Present, Future Framework** - **Past:** Reflect on personal experiences.\ *Example:* "I used to struggle with impromptu speeches due to nervousness." - **Present:** Highlight your current situation.\ *Example:* "I now enjoy impromptu speeches because of constant practice." - **Future:** State your goals.\ *Example:* "I aim to help others become confident in impromptu speaking." 2. **Point-Reason-Example-Point (PREP)** - **Point:** State your opinion.\ *Example:* "I love Facebook." - **Reason:** Provide reasons supporting your point.\ *Example:* "It helps me reconnect with old friends and stay informed." - **Example:** Elaborate on your reasons.\ *Example:* "Through Facebook, I reminisce with friends and keep updated on current events." - **Point:** Reiterate your opinion.\ *Example:* "That's why I love Facebook." 3. **Rule of Three** - Use three key points to organize your speech.\ *Example:* "I help homeless families by writing about them, organizing livelihood programs, and joining nonprofit campaigns." 4. **Bridging** - Build a connection between what you know and what you don't.\ *Example:* Comparing the Russia conflict to a personal family conflict. 5. **Reframing** - Adjust the topic to align with your knowledge.\ *Example:* Comparing natural and social sciences instead of discussing government systems. 6. **Playing Devil's Advocate** - Present the opposite perspective of a topic.\ *Example:* Arguing against defense spending and advocating for education funding. - Planned and prepared speeches delivered with short notes or outlines. - Balances research, preparation, and spontaneity. - Often conversational, engaging, and dynamic. 1. **Identify the Question Type** - **Fact:** Answerable by "Yes," "No," or "True/False." - **Value:** Determines if a topic is good, bad, moral, or immoral. - **Policy:** Focuses on what action or rule should be followed. 2. **Determine the Speech Purpose** - Is it **informative** or **persuasive**? 3. **Stick to the Topic** - Explore all sides and angles of the issue. - **Cause and Effect:** Highlight reasons and consequences. - **Problem and Solution:** Identify an issue and propose a resolution. - **Advantage and Disadvantage:** Compare benefits and drawbacks. - **Logical:** Present ideas in a reasoned sequence. - **Chronological:** Follow a timeline. - **Spatial:** Focus on geographic or physical relationships. 1. **Choose Your Topic:** Focus on a relevant and engaging issue. 2. **Make a Thesis Statement:** Clearly define your main argument or purpose. 3. **Create Supporting Points:** Back up your thesis with evidence or reasoning. 4. **Develop Support:** Add data, anecdotes, or examples. 5. **Write Your Structure:** Prepare an introduction, body, and conclusion. 6. **Deliver Your Speech:** Use notes and maintain a conversational tone. 1. **Reinforce:** Emphasize key points with repetition and support. 2. **Capture:** Grab the audience\'s attention with a strong opening. 3. **Develop:** Expand ideas thoroughly and logically. 4. **Introduce:** Clearly present the topic and purpose. 5. **Check:** Ensure accuracy and clarity in your points. 6. **Supply:** Provide sufficient evidence or examples. 7. **Conclude:** End with a memorable closing statement.