2 Surgical terminology_ddfa921d70c461d49cebbcf776c361c5.pdf

Surgical Terminology Presented by Assistant professor Dr. Ali Al-najjar General Surgeon The First & The...

Surgical Terminology Presented by Assistant professor Dr. Ali Al-najjar General Surgeon The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq 1  OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture the students should be able to: Identify the Constructed medical terms Identify the Nonconstructed medical terms Identify Example of Medical root words Identify the Medical terms Identify the Definitions in surgery The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq  Constructed medical terms: (put together different parts to form something whole) Many medical terms are ‘constructed’ from a combination of word parts… prefixes, Greek or Roman root words, and suffixes. Determine the meaning of the whole word by first deciphering the meaning of the suffix, then the prefix, and finally the root word. Then combine the 3 parts. MICRO / SCOP / IC Prefix meaning ‘small’ / root word meaning ‘viewing instrument’ / suffix meaning ‘pertaining to’ When you start with a root word and add a suffix that starts with a similar OR another root word, then you have to connect the two word parts with a vowel. This is called a ‘combining vowel’, and is usually an ‘o, i, or e’. HEM / O / PHILIA Root word meaning ‘blood’ / combining vowel / suffix meaning ‘love of’ Nonconstructed medical terms: If a medical term is not constructed from a combination of word parts, then it is called ‘nonconstructed’. These are words derived from other languages, words derived from names of people, from initials that form acronyms, or from abbreviations. The term ‘pasteurize’ refers to the process of heating milk to a temperature that kills harmful microorganisms. The term is derived from the name of its inventor… Louis Pasteur (1822- 1895).  Example of Medical root words ROOT WORD DEFINITION EXAMPLE ABRAS TO RUB AWAY ABRASION ALBIN WHITE ALBINISM CELLUL SMALL CELL CELLULITIS CUTANE SKIN CUTANEOUS CYAN BLUE CYANOSIS DERM, DERMAT SKIN DERMATITIS HIDR SWEAT HIDRAADENITIS ONYCH NAIL ONYCHOLYSIS  Medical suffixes for the conditions SUFFIX DEFINITION EXAMPLE -ION PUT THINGS TOGETHER COLLECTION -ITIS INFLAMMATION GINGIVITIS, TONSILLITIS -OSIS CONDITION OF OSTEOARTHROSIS -PLASTY SURGICAL REPAIR ANGIOPLASTY ION TO MAKE THINGS PERFECTION CORRECT Medical terms Abrasion A common injury to the skin, caused by scraping. It is considered a superficial wound… affecting just the surface of the skin.  Medical terms Abscess An abscess is a local elevation of inflamed skin with a cavity underneath… a boil. The cavity is filled with a mixture of pus, containing bacteria, white blood cells, damaged tissue, and fluids.  Cellulite Subcutaneous fat deposits that create a local, uneven surface on the skin. It is fairly common in women on the thighs and buttocks. Some people have these fat deposits removed using a vacuum- type device in a procedure called liposuction.  Cicatrix scar only over the wound Cicatrix is the term for scar. If an injury to the dermis of the skin is too large for the epidermal cells and normal protein fibers to heal it, then addition protein fibers (collagen) will be produced to seal the wound, and a scar is formed. When the scar tissue forms an elevated lesion on the skin,and extend beyond the wound it is called a keloid.  Macule A freckle. It is any discolored flat spot on the surface of the skin. There is some genetic tendency to get freckles. They may be a sign of sun damage to the skin.  Comedo Comedones are pimples. Oil from sebaceous glands builds up, causing an elevation of the skin. Bacteria feed on this oil and attract white blood cells. This causes a local inflammation. A papule is any small solid elevation on the skin. An elevation filled with pus is called a pustule.  Contusion or bruise (Ecchymosis) Commonly known as a bruise, it is the discoloration and swelling of the skin that is symptomatic of an injury.  Cyanosis A blue tinge of color to an area of the skin. It is often a symptom of cardiovascular problems. It is usually visible in the lips and fingertips. Cyanosis of the fingers… and toenails Decubitus Ulcer (bed sore) An ulcer is a sore that has worked through the skin or mucous membrane. When the body lies supine and un-moving for extended periods of time, decubitus ulcers may result.  Erythema This is a non constructed term. It refers to any redness of the skin, which is a common sign of injury or infection.  Furuncle Associated with a hair follicle. It results in swelling and redness of the skin. It is sometimes the result of an ingrown hair.  Carbuncle A nonconstructed term. It is a skin infection composed of a cluster of boils that feels hot. The source of this infection is most commonly staphylococci bacteria  Laceration An injury caused by a tear or cut by a sharp object. If it penetrates the dermis and extends for more than an inch, stitches may be needed to close it.  Nevus Commonly called a mole. This is a pigmented, benign tumor. If the edges become irregular or the color darkens, it may indicate a malignancy.  Petechia Petechia results when a small blood vessel supplying the dermis of the skin ruptures. It may appear as a red dot on the skin. How you differentiate between Erythema and Petechia?  Pruritus A non constructed term for itchy skin.  Dermatitis Wheals A general inflammation of the skin that may include symptoms such as edema (swelling), pruritis (itching), vesicles (blisters), or wheals (white-centered elevations with red edges).  Debridement To clean any dirt, foreign matter, or unwanted tissue from a wound.  Rhytidectomy This is a form of plastic surgery performed for cosmetic reasons. It consists of pulling and suturing the skin to repair skin wrinkles.  HSV Herpes Simplex Virus Deep blisters form on the border of mucous membranes and the skin, resulting from the herpes simplex virus… HSV. Oral herpes, genital herpes, and shingles are the three forms, all infectious when the vesicles burst open and fluids are transferred to others.  TBSA Total Body Surface Area The level of a burn injury to the skin is determined by the amount of surface area that has been damaged (TBSA), and the depth of the burn. A person with burns on one arm and hand is said to have about a 10 percent TBSA burn. Even 1st or 2nd degree burns covering 25%+ TBSA may be life- threatening.  Definitions in surgery The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq physical examination:- examination of the bodily state of a patient by ordinary physical means, as- inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq  Inspection The visual examination of the body using the eyes and a lighted instrument if need The sense of smell may also be used. The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq  Palpation — The examination of th e body using the sense of touch. There are two types: light and deep. The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq  Percussion — An assessment method in which the surface of the body is struck with the fingertips to obtain sounds that, can be heard or vibrations that can be felt. It can determine the position, size, and consistency of an internal organ. It isdone over the chest to determine the presence of normal air content in the lung s, and over the abdomen to evaluate air in the loops of the intestine. The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq  Auscultation — The process of listening to sounds that a re produced in the body. Direct auscultation uses the ear alone, such as when listening to the grating of a moving joint. Indirect auscultation involves theuse of a stethoscope to amplify the sounds from within the body, like a heartbeat. The First & The Only Franchise in the Iraq