Phonology 3 Exam Reminders PDF

Exam reminders — Review the concepts of material we covered from the beginning of the semester: — What is language? — Brain and language — Phonetics — Phonology (including today) — A goal of this course is to teach you how analyze unfamiliar data — Memorizing the linguistic data we have seen so far...

Exam reminders — Review the concepts of material we covered from the beginning of the semester: — What is language? — Brain and language — Phonetics — Phonology (including today) — A goal of this course is to teach you how analyze unfamiliar data — Memorizing the linguistic data we have seen so far will not help you with unfamiliar data on the exam — E.g., no need to know how to say phlegm in Hindi — You will see unfamiliar data on the exam Agenda — Review — Look at phonological rules — Distinctive and non-distinctive features — Focus on incorporating natural classes into phonological rules — More practice problems (time permitting) 4 REVIEW: ALLOPHONES AND PHONEMES /t/ Phoneme (remember: /t/, not [t]) Phonemes are in your head [th] [t] Allophones ([t] – in brackets!) Allophones come out of your mouth 5 5 REVIEW: ALLOPHONES AND PHONEMES — Phonemes are the abstract mental representations of a sound that every speaker of a language creates. — Allophones are the sounds that actually get pronounced. They are the sounds in a given language that are considered to be “the same” by native speakers. — One phoneme may have multiple allophones associated with it. — When there are multiple allophones for one phoneme, we can predict which sound will be produced based on the environment ([th] in initial position and [t] elsewhere in English). 6 6 Review — Q. If we find a minimal pair, what does it tell us about the sounds being considered? We know that the sounds in question are allophones of separate phonemes. Q. If we find a minimal pair, are the sounds in contrastive or complementary distribution? Contrastive- because if we switch the sounds we get a contrast in meaning. 7