Levels of Linguistic Analysis PDF

Levels of Linguistic Analysis by Amany Hamed preencoded.png Understanding Language 1 Form and Meaning Language analysis involves understanding both the structure of utterances (form) and their relationship to the context in which they are used (meaning). 2 Cont...

Levels of Linguistic Analysis by Amany Hamed preencoded.png Understanding Language 1 Form and Meaning Language analysis involves understanding both the structure of utterances (form) and their relationship to the context in which they are used (meaning). 2 Contextual Significance The meaning of utterances is derived from their relationship to the surrounding environment, including physical, social, and cultural factors. 3 Firthian Linguistics Firthian linguistics emphasizes the importance of context and function in understanding language, viewing meaning as a complex interplay of phonetic, lexical, syntactical, and contextual elements. 4 Shifting Focus The focus of linguistic analysis has evolved from solely examining form to encompassing all aspects of language as a dynamic human activity. preencoded.png Levels of Analysis Linguistics Form Context Situation (Relationship (Non- between linguistic form & features: situation) physical, physiological , social, political…etc) - Phonology - Grammar - Lexis preencoded.png Hierarchy and Direction Grammar Palmer argues that grammatical analysis should precede phonological analysis, considering grammar as the primary function of linguistic analysis. No Hierarchy The current perspective suggests that there is no inherent hierarchy among the levels of analysis, allowing for flexibility in the order of analysis. Contextual Approach Analysis can begin with context and proceed to the appropriate level based on the data and the analysis required. preencoded.png Phonology Phonology focuses on the sound system of a language, examining how sounds are organized and patterned. Languages select a limited set of sounds, which are combined to form larger units like words and sentences. preencoded.png Grammar Grammar deals with the structure and organization of language units, including words, phrases, and clauses. It establishes descriptive units and categories to analyze how these units function in sequences. preencoded.png Grammatical Units Sentence Clause Group Word The largest grammatical A group of words A collection of words The smallest meaningful unit, consisting of one or containing a subject and functioning as a single unit in a language, more clauses. a verb, forming a unit, such as a noun consisting of one or more complete thought. phrase or a verb phrase. morphemes. preencoded.png Morphology and Syntax Traditional linguistic analysis often divides grammar into morphology and syntax. Morphology examines the internal structure of words, while syntax studies the external relationships between words and word classes. preencoded.png Lexicology Lexicology focuses on the patterns and choices of lexical items in different linguistic contexts. It examines how words, phrases, and idioms are used and how they relate to each other. preencoded.png Lexical vs. Grammatical Choices Lexicology deals with open-set choices, where there is a wide range of options available, while grammar deals with closed-set choices, where the options are limited and predetermined. preencoded.png