1.4 Socio-cultural Evolution.pdf

SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION At the end of the meeting, students are able to: trace the biological and socio-cultural evolution of early to modern humans (UCSP11/12HBSIe-12) by: ○ Identifying multiple aspects of biological and socio-cultural evolution; ○ Examining socio-cultural evolu...

SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION At the end of the meeting, students are able to: trace the biological and socio-cultural evolution of early to modern humans (UCSP11/12HBSIe-12) by: ○ Identifying multiple aspects of biological and socio-cultural evolution; ○ Examining socio-cultural evolution and traces this development over time; ○ Analyzing socio-cultural evolution and its relation to the study of human societies and cultures; and, ○ Creating insights to new contexts or reflecting on broader implications of human socio-cultural evolution.  COME FROM? DO YOU KNOW YOUR ORIGINS? ALAM MO BA KUNG SAAN KA NAGMULA?  Evolution is a natural process of changes occurring in a population across successive generations. Biological evolution is the process by which species of organisms change over time through variations in their genetic traits. Socio-cultural evolution are changes made by man and society, including his ways of living, food, practices, traditions, materials used, hence culture, through his interaction with the environment. EVOLUTION? FOCUS IS ON THE CULTURE OF HUMANS IN A SOCIETY MATERIALS AND ACTIVITY STAGES OF CULTURAL EVOLUTION PERIODIZATION - ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SOCIETY - ACCORDING TO MATERIALS DISCOVERED ACTIVITIES DISCOVERED PALEOLITHIC PERIOD HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY (OLD STONE AGE) MESOLITHIC PERIOD (MIDDLE STONE AGE) PASTORAL SOCIETY NEOLITHIC PERIOD (NEW STONE AGE) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AGE OF METAL INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY SOCIETY: HUNTING AND GATHERING FACTS ABOUT THIS PERIOD Tools are rough stones Humans are nomads Foraging as the main source of food Discovery of fire Question: Why are humans nomads in this period?  SOCIETY: HUNTING AND GATHERING; PASTORAL FACTS ABOUT THIS PERIOD End of the last ice age Tools are nearly refined stones Still nomads, limitedly (WHY?) Start of domestication/rearing of animals (fishing also) Animal meat as the main source of food due to domestication SOCIETY: PASTORAL; HORTICULTURAL; AGRICULTURAL FACTS ABOUT THIS PERIOD Tools are refined stones & metals Sedentary living (WHY?) House building Farming & rearing of animals Question: Why did humans shifted to sedentary living? DIFFERENT SOCIETIES 1) PASTORAL people depend on the rearing of domesticated animals for food and clothes. 2) HORTICULTURAL depends on the cultivation of crops and plants for their sustenance TAKE NOTE: DEPENDS ON SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTS DIFFERENT SOCIETIES 3) AGRICULTURAL Agricultural societies rely on advanced, permanent and large tools like plow, wheel, etc. for the production of their food. In line with the RISE OF WORLD CIVILIZATIONS: MESOPOTAMIA, INDUS, EGYPT, CHINA FACTS ABOUT THIS PERIOD Also called as the industrial revolution, specifically in Europe Saw the rise of factories, machines, and fuels as replacement for animal and human energy Fast production and capitalism Modernization and urbanization of cities (large buildings, bridges, high towers, etc.) Evolution of the mind; development of reason and science FACTS ABOUT THIS PERIOD Globalization, more connected globally The rise of computers as new machines Improved and upgraded machines (cars, airplanes, trains, etc.) Intense advancement of technology (internet, phones, tablets, etc.) Digital era (social media) Robots or artificial intelligence as new workers STAGES OF CULTURAL EVOLUTION PERIODIZATION - ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SOCIETY - ACCORDING TO MATERIALS DISCOVERED ACTIVITIES DISCOVERED PALEOLITHIC PERIOD HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY (OLD STONE AGE) MESOLITHIC PERIOD (MIDDLE STONE AGE) PASTORAL SOCIETY NEOLITHIC PERIOD (NEW STONE AGE) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AGE OF METAL INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY Based on our discussion, what does the evolution of human beings, including their society and culture, tell us?  CAPACITY FOR THE CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES AND CULTURES  Humans have the ability to create, adapt, and transform their cultural practices, beliefs, and social norms over time, emphasizing our capacity to continuously grow, change, and innovate. PERIODIZATION - ACCORDING TO PALEOLITHIC PERIOD MATERIALS DISCOVERED  (STONE AGE) ACTIVITIES DISCOVERED MESOLITHIC PERIOD HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY TYPE OF SOCIETY - ACCORDING TO (MIDDLE STONE AGE) PASTORAL SOCIETY NEOLITHIC PERIOD (NEW STONE AGE) HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY AGE OF METAL INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY WHAT’S NEXT??? Given the human capacity for the continuous development of cultures, what changes or developments can you imagine occurring in the future?  OUR LIVES? What does our discussion on evolution tell us about “life”?  Please prepare for a quiz next week. The exam coverage is as follows: ○ Defining culture and society ○ Details on socio-cultural evolution ○ Marist School mission and vision 1. It is a kind of society described where humans are nomads and foraging is the primary food source. 2. It is a period where humans practice sedentary living. 3. It is a society where people depend on rearing domesticated animals. 4. It is a society where people depend on the cultivation of crops and plants. 5, 6 ,7. Give the three stages or periods of human history according to archaeological activity. 8. It is a society where digital technology is dominant. 9. Machines and fuels are inventions in this type of society. 10. It is a society where permanent and developed tools like plows and trucks are used for food production.