Biological and Socio-Cultural Evolution PDF

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO- CULTURAL EVOLUTION Lesson 3.1 Mr. Remson P. De Leoz, LPT HSU, Social Science Department OBJECTIVES: Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans;...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO- CULTURAL EVOLUTION Lesson 3.1 Mr. Remson P. De Leoz, LPT HSU, Social Science Department OBJECTIVES: Trace the biological and cultural evolution of early to modern humans; Explore significance of human material remains and artifactual evidence in interpreting cultural and social including political and economic processes. REVIEW INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Read each statement carefully. 2. If you know the answer, type the word UCSP on the chat box. If you are called, unmute your audio. 3. Winners will receive additional 3 points on our chapter quiz. QUESTION #1 for 3 points DIFFERENTIATE IDEAL AND REAL CULTURE. QUESTION #2 for 3 points WHAT ARE THE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE QUESTION #3 for 2 points What cultural view/orientation is reflected in this photo? QUESTION #4 for 2 points Give an example of XENOCENTRISM. QUESTION #5 for 2 points Differentiate SOCIOLOGY and POLITICAL SCIENCE.  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIO- CULTURAL EVOLUTION Lesson 3.1 Mr. Remson P. De Leoz, LPT HSU, Social Science Department  WHAT IS EVOLUTION?  EVOLUTION defined… …descent with modification from preexisting species : cumulative inherited change in a population of organisms through time leading to the appearance of new forms : the process by which new species or populations of living things develop from preexisting forms through successive generations (Merriam-Webster dictionary) THREE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES Creationism (Religion) Cosmogonic (Mythology) Scientific (Theories)  CREATIONISM: THE BIBLE The Bible teaches that God created man. “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female.” Genesis 1:27  COSMOGONIC: MYTHOLOGY Philosophical, theological and cultural elaboration of the primal myth of creation. THE STORY OF MALAKAS AND MAGANDA The bird was so angry it pecked at the stick splitting it in half. Thus were the birth of Malakas and Maganda the first man and woman. PAN-GU - A primordial being and creation figure in Chinese mythology who separated heaven and earth and became geographic features such as mountains and rivers. SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE OF EVOLUTION Evolution begins with the assumption that man has evolved from ape-like creatures. (PARADIGM SHIFT)  BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Changes, modifications, and variations in the genetics and inherited traits of biological population from one generation to another.  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION SIR CHARLES DARWIN – GALAPAGOS, ECUADOR  THEORY OF EVOLUTION On the origins of Species By means of Natural Selection (1859) Darwin’s examination of geological formations, collection of fossils, and study of plants and animals from 1831 to 1836 led him to doubt that divine creation had brought all species of living things into existence at one moment. NATURAL SELECTION A process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. It is the key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Every species is made up of a variety of individuals wherein some are better adapted to their environment compared to others. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST Term made famous in the 5TH edition of On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, which suggested that organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing. He borrowed the term from English philosopher Herbert Spencer, who first used it in his 1864 book Principles of Biology. The science of genetics has helped to explain the variations in each species and how these variations are passed on. Evidence gathered from fossil remains in recent years supports Darwin’s ideas.  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS FROM HOMINID TO HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS HOMINID SPECIES TIMELINE  HOMINIDS A hominid is a member of the family Hominidae, the great apes: orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and humans. HUMANS are distinguished from apes most notably by their bipedalism and by their larger brain size. All hominids are members of the human family tree.  FAQ – FAQ - FAQ – FAQ - FAQ – FAQ If evolution is real why are there still monkeys? Humans DID NOT evolve from monkeys. Instead, monkeys and humans share a common ancestor from which both evolved around 25 million years ago. This evolutionary relationship is supported both by the fossil record and DNA analysis. A 2007 study showed that humans and monkeys share about 93% of their DNA. Based on the similarities and differences between the two types of DNA, scientists have estimated that humans and monkeys diverged from their common ancestor 25 million years ago. HOMINID SAHELANTHROPUS ARDIPITECUS “PRE-HUMAN STAGE OF EVOLUTION” AUSTRALOPITHECUS “HUMAN” STAGE OF HOMO EVOLUTION HABILIS, ERECTUS, SAPIENS  SAHELANTHROPUS Appeared 6-7 million years ago Skull - like Australopithecus and modern man Height - like chimpanzee Brain - ½ of human brain Discovered in Chad ARDIPITHECUS Appeared - (5.6-4.4 million years ago) “ape on the ground” Height- 4 Feet Weight- 120 pounds Skull- size similar to ape Small brain Bipedal Discovered in Ethiopia AUSTRALOPITHECUS Appeared - (5 - 1 million years ago) “southern ape” Brain size 1/3 of human brain (500cc (1260cc modern brain size)) Upright and bipedal Used sticks and stones Food scavengers Ate insects, eggs, plants, fruits and sometimes meat Discovered in South Africa  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS HOMO The Latin noun homō means "human being" or "man”. The term Homo sapiens was coined by Carl Linnaeus (1758). Homo Habilis | Homo Erectus | Homo Sapiens  HOMO HABILIS “handy man” 3-4 feet 700 cc brain size Made tools from tree branches Smash and grab First lived in Eastern and Southern Africa Discovered by: Louis and Mary Leakey.  HOMO ERECTUS They made hand axe tools First to use fires, farming, animal husbandry Lived in caves and branches First homo to use language Discovered by Dr. Eugène Dubois in Indonesia (Java Man) NOMADS  HOMO SAPIENS ✔“Thinking man” ✔Large brain size, 1000cc ✔Lived in shelters ✔Food gatherers ✔Advanced technology ✔Used bows and arrow, spears throwers, sewing needles ✔Use of oral languages HOMO SAPIENS NEANDERTHALENSIS They are an extinct species who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. They most likely went extinct due to assimilation into the modern human genome (bred into extinction), great climatic change, disease, or a combination of these factors. They were fully replaced by early European modern humans.  CRO-MAGNON Were the first early modern humans (Homo sapiens) to settle in Europe, continuously occupying the continent possibly from as early as 48,000 years ago. PRE-HISTORIC CAVE PAINTINGS LASCAUX, FRANCE VENUS OF WILLENDORF CHANGE is at the very core of evolution and without it, all creatures would look a like and behave the same way. - Martin Dansky  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS ANY QUESTIONS?