1st Term Spanish Grammar Notes PDF

PRIMERA EVALUACION .- 1st term Tema 1 : DEMONSTRATIVES ESTE , ESTA, ESTO THIS • Este puente • Esta ciudad • Todo esto ESTOS, ESTAS • This bridge • This city • All this THESE • • Estos pueblos Estas ciudades ESE, ESA, ESO • • • • these villages these cities THAT • • Ese niño Esa playa Th...

PRIMERA EVALUACION .- 1st term Tema 1 : DEMONSTRATIVES ESTE , ESTA, ESTO THIS • Este puente • Esta ciudad • Todo esto ESTOS, ESTAS • This bridge • This city • All this THESE • • Estos pueblos Estas ciudades ESE, ESA, ESO • • • • these villages these cities THAT • • Ese niño Esa playa That child That beach ESOS, ESAS THOSE • Esos niños • Esa gente • Esas playas AQUEL, AQUELLA • Those children • Those people • Those beaches THAT….OVER THERE • • • Aquel buitre Aquella cigüeña • • That vulture over there That stork over there wrong : ‘This people , that people Warning! right : these people, those people ¡Important! Cuando NO queremos repetir el sustantivo, decimos ONE detrás de THIS or THAT Example: You. .- “Which of these desks is mine? Your friend. : “This one. ‘Este’ Shop assistant.-“Which of those T-shirts do you like? You.- That one ‘Esa’ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: tema 2 : NOUNS and the formation of PLURAL La mayoría de los SUSTANTIVOS formal el plural añadiendo ‘-s’ ▪ ▪ ▪ a house > some houses a tree > many trees a girl > three girls ¡Pero hay algunos SUSTANTIVOS que forman el plural de formal especial! PLURALES IRREGULARES: SINGULAR sustantivos muy especiales Sustantivos con terminación ‘consonante + y’ PLURLA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a man ‘un hombre a woman ‘una mujer’ a child ‘un niño a foot ‘un pie’ one tooth ‘un diente’ one mouse ‘un ratón’ a family, a city, country, a lady 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. a beach, a match, a leaf ‘una hoja a thief ‘un ladrón’ a knife ‘un cuchillo life ‘vida wolf ‘lobo the hero a mosquito a tomato sustantivos con terminación en ‘ch’ sustantivos con terminación en ‘--f, o fe Special nouns a ¡muy especial’ El sustantivo ‘people’ con el significado de ‘gente’ se considera PLURAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 two men two women two children two feet many teeth three mice two families, many cities, two ladies 8 9 beaches, matches leaves, thieves, knives, lives , wolves the heroes the mosquitoes the tomatoes Two people, many people These people Those people One person :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: tema 3 EL ADJETIVO ‘THE ADJECTIVE ¡ojo! ¡Los adjetivos en inglés NUNCA llevan plural! wrong : These players are very bads right : These players are very bad wrong : Jon and his sister are very differents right : Jon and his sister are very different wrong : These spoons are very dirties right : These spoons are very dirty ¡ojo! Cuando expresas VERY con un adjetivo , tienes que prestar atención a la correcta colocación del adjetivo Example : El director de mi colegio es una persona muy simpática Wrong : My school headmaster is a person very nice right :My school headmaster is a very nice person Another example : “Luisa es una entrenadora muy buena Wrong: Luisa is a coach very good Right :Luisa is a very good coach Tema 4 : A / AN / SOME / ANY / NO ENGLISH ‘a’ ▪ ▪ we need a chair Is there a restaurant near here? ‘an’ Cuando la palabra empieza por vocal ‘Some’ ▪ ▪ an elephant We watched an awful film There is A) Con sustantivos INCONTABLES ▪ I need some money ▪ There is some cheese ▪ There was some snow in the mountain ▪ B) Con sustantivos en CONTABLE (es decir, que pueden llevar plural) ▪ We need some chairs ▪ Some people think… ▪ Some hotels are too expensive and others are quite cheap SPANISH Necesitamos una silla ¿Hay un restaurante cerca? Hay un elefante Vimos una película horrible ▪ ▪ ▪ Necesito algo de dinero Hay algo de queso Había algo de nieve… ▪ Necesitamos unas sillas, necesitamos algunas sillas ▪ Algunas personas opinan.. ▪ ‘any A) ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ With UNCOUNTABLE nouns Is there any milk? There isn’t any milk Do you have any money? I don’t have any money Is there any bread? There isn’t any bread Is there any water? We don’t need any water B) With COUNTABLE nouns (en plural) ▪ Are there any free seats? The aren’t any free seats ▪ Are there any shops? There aren’t any shops ▪ Cuando dices una oración NEGATIVA, tienes dos opciones: Unos /Algunos hotels son demasiado caros y otros bastante baratos A) UNCOUNTABLE nouns ¿Hay algo de leche? ▪ ¿Tienes algo de dinero? ▪ ¿Hay algo de agua? ▪ No necesitamos nada de agua No hay nada de pan B) COUNTABLE nouns ▪ ¿Hay algún asiento libre? ▪ No hay ningún asiento libre ▪ ‘No’ A) La forma ‘any’ B) La forma ‘no Observa: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ There isn’t any milk = There is no milk I don’t need any money = I need no money I don’t have any exams = I have no exams There aren’t any shops = There are no shops I didn’t see any dogs = I saw no dogs ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ No hay nada de leche No necesito nada de dinero NO tengo ningún examen No hay ninguna tienda No vi ningún perro tema 5 EXPRESSING POSSESSION : A) adjectives B) Pronouns C) Whose…? D) Saxon Genitive Whose..? Whose laptop is this? Saxon Genitive Jon’s ‘De Jon’ Possesive adjective This is my laptop Possesive pronoun This laptop is mine ¿De quíén es este portátil? Pablo’s ‘de Pablo’ This is your laptop This laptop is yours My father’s ‘De mi padre This is his laptop This laptop is his This is her laptop This laptop is hers This is our ball This ball is ours This is their ball This ball is theirs ‘Whose ball is this? ¿De quién es este balón? ¡Ojo! ¡Observa la posición del apóstrofe con los plurals! ▪ ▪ My friend’s ‘De mi amigo’ My friends’ ‘De mis amigos El posesivo ‘its’ se utiliza cuando el sustantivo NO es una persona Example : ▪ El pájaro y su nido ‘The bird and its nest ▪ Pamplona y sus fiestas ‘Pamplona and its parties ¡NO cometas este error! “Estas deportivas son mías” wrong : These trainers are (wrong:mines) mine Look at all these sentences and read them slowly: 1 My name is Juan . What’s is yours? 2 Whose is this car? Is it your father’s? 3 I have invited Carmen and (wrong: his ) her boyfriend 4 Mikel and Sonia live with their grandparents 5 This is Alberto and that is ( wrong :her ) his sister 6 Parents should listen to their children ‘Los padres deberían escuchar a sus hijos’ 7 Whose birthday is it? ¿De quién es el cumpleaños? 8 It’s my mother’s/n Carlos’/ Martín’s / birthday 9 Whose idea was it to go by train? ¿DE quién fue la idea de ir en tren? Tema 6 OBJECT PRONOUNS SUBJECT OBJECT I ME YOU YOU HE HIM SHE HER IT IT WE US THEY THEM 1 Do you love me? I love you . I love him . I love her. I love them 2 Look at me! Look at it! Look at him! Look at us! Look at her! Look at them! 3 Are you waiting for me? I am waiting for you/him/her/them 4 Listen to me! Don’t listen to him! Don’t listen to them! 5 This pen is Laura’s . Could you give it to her? 6 Children.- “You bully! That ball is ours! Give it to us! ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: SOMETHING / SOMEONE=SOMEBODY/ SOMEWHERE Tema 7 Con conceptos que NO son personas AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA Something ‘algo Anything ‘nada’ Nothing ‘nada Anything? Anybody=Anyone Nobody =No one Anybody? Anyone? Anywhere Anywhere? Everything ‘todo’ Somebody=someone Cuando nos referemos a ‘personas’ Everybody =Everyone ‘todos’ Cuando nos referimos a ‘lugares’ Somewhere ‘en alguna parte, en algún sitio Nowhere Everywhere ‘En todas partes.. Observa y trata de asimilar: 1. Someone is watching us ‘Alguien nos está observando 2. I’ve got something important to tell you ‘Tengo algo importante que decirte 3. I’ve left my iPhone somewhere but I don’t remember where 4. There’s something in the soup. It looks like a fly. ‘Hay algo en la sopa. Parece una mosca 5. We’ve met somewhere before ‘Nos hemos conocido en alguna parte antes 6. There is someone /somebody in my bed 7. There is something in my eye. Can you see what it is? 8. Something terrible has happened in Tudela Con oraciones INTERROGATIVAS: 1. 2. 3. 4. Is there anybody/anyone sitting here? Did you see anybody/anyone? Have you bought anything for your mum? Have you done anything interesting this weekend? Con oraciones NEGATIVAS , tienes dos opciones: 1 I didn’t say anything = I said nothing 2 I haven’t invited anybody/ anyone = I have invited nobody/no one 3 There isn’t anybody inside de classroom = There is nobody …. 4 Last year we didn’t go anywhere = Last year we went nowhere 5 A.-“Do you have anything in your pocket? B Nothing! I don’t have anything= I have nothing 6 A.- Did you see anybody? B.- Nobody! /No one! I didn’t see anybody/anyone = I saw nobody/no one 7 A.-Do you know anything about cars? B.- Nothing! I know nothing! = I don’t know anything EVERYTHING, EVERYBODY, EVERYWHERE ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Everything I do , I do it for you I have eaten everything . I was very hungry! I know everybody ‘Conozco a todos Everybody speaks English ‘Todos hablan inglés Everybody loves her I have looked everywhere ‘He mirado por todas partes There are people everywhere ¡Ojo! Cuando quieres decir ‘cualquier cosa, cualquiera, cualquier persona , debes elegir la forma‘ANY’ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Cualquiera tiene un portátil ‘Anybody has a laptop Cualquier cosa que digo, te molesta ‘Anything I say…. Puedes preguntar a cualquiera ‘You can ask anybody / anyone Puedes encontrar esto en cualquier sitio ‘You can find this anywhere ¡Ojo! NO debes confundir ‘anybody’ con ‘nobody (or no one) ’ 1 Nadie sabe dónde esta este museo : (wrong:Anybody) Nobody or No one where this museum is 2 Nadie me ha ayudado wrong : Anybody has helped me right : Nobody /No one has helped . : EXPRESSING LIKES or DISLIKES ¡Observa la forma –‘ING’ del verbo! Tema 8 1) In my free time/In my spare time I like listening to music = En mi tiempo libre me gusta escuchar música 2 ) Also, I quite like playing the guitar = Además, me gusta bastante tocar la guitarra 3) I enjoy cooking meals for my family every now and then = Disfruto cocinando 4) Also, I enjoy surfing on the Internet = Además, disfruto navegando por internet 5) I love hanging out with my friends = Me encanta salir a dar una vuelta con .. 6) Also, I am very keen on dancing and singing. = Además, soy my aficionado a bailar y cantar 7) I don’t mind taking down the garbage BASURA = NO me importa bajar la basura 8) I don’t mind getting up early = No me importa madrugar 9) I don’t like watching TV. I prefer reading 10) I can’t stand watching horror movies . I prefer watching hilarious films , like comedies , for example = No soporto ver películas de miedo 11) I hate travelling on crowded buses= Odio viajar en autobuses abarrotados de gente 12) I can’t stand standing in line for a very long time = No soporto hacer cola durante durante mucho tiempo 13) I can’t stand seeing blood = No soporto ver sangre :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Tema 9 ASKING QUESTIONS 1 Preguntar sobre ‘PROCEDENCIA. Where are you from? ¿De dónde eres? I am from Spain, I am from Belgium, I am from Italy.. 2 Preguntar por EL POSEEDOR. Whose ball is this? Whose car is this? ¿De quién..? 3 Preguntar por ‘DISTANCIA’ : How far…..? How far is it? How far do you live from the school? How far is Tudela from Pamplona? 4 Preguntar por ‘COMO ES…? ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ What is (X) like? What is Pamplona like? Is it big? Is it a nice city? ¿Cómo es Pamplona? What are your teachers like? Are they nice? Are they demanding? Are they tough? What is the hotel like? Is it modern? Are here many facilities? What is the food like? Is it good? Is it tasty? Is it spicy? What is the weather like? Is it sunny? 5 Preguntar sobre el ASPECTO: What does (X) look like? ▪ ▪ What does your father look like? Is he tall? Does he have black hair? What does your bike look like ? ▪ Luis .-“ What does your friend Pepe look like?=¿Qué aspecto tiene tu amigo You.- He is quite a good-looking guy. He is a bit taller than I am. He is wellbuilt too 6 Preguntar por precio: How much does (X) cost? How much does this iPhone cost? How much does this guitar cost? 7 Preguntar por ‘CANTIDADES? A) INCONTABLES , que NO pueden ire n plural ; How much…? B) CONTABLES : How many …? ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ How much time do we have to so this project? “¿Cuánto tiempo…? How many times have you been in Madrid? “¿Cuántas veces….? How much money do you spend at weekends? How many people were there? How much milk do you drink? How many exams have you got next week? 8 Preguntar por ‘FRECUENCIA’ : How often….? ¿Con qué frecuencia..? ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ How often do you go to the theatre? (I go very often/ I rarely go / I seldom go How often do you clean your teeth? (always, every day, every two days ..) How often does he travel to Barcelona (once in a while / every now and then) How often do you play golf? ( every day / once in a blue moon/ from time to time) How often do you go to the gym? ( I never go / I hardly ever go / I rarely go / Once in a blue moon = very occasionally 9 Preguntar por TIEMPO QUE LLEVA HACER ALGO • • • • How long does it take you (=How long do you take) to run 100 metres? ¿Cuánto tardas How long does it take you (=How long do you take) to get to school on foot? How long does it take to travel from Pamplona to Madrid by car? How long did it take to build the Pyramids? 10 Preguntar sobre direcciones en una ciudad: • A.-“Excuse me, Could you tell me how to get to the British Museum, please?” B.- “Go down this street , then take the third turning on the right and straight on(=straight ahead) • A.-“Excuse me, Could you tell me how to get to Trafalgar Square, please?” B.-“Go down Abbey street, then straight ahead (=straight on) • Excuse me, Could you tell me how to get to this hotel, please? 11 Preguntar por CANTIDADES: A ) INCONTABLES : How much…? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • B) CONTABLES : How many…? How much pocket money do your parents give you? How many countries have you visited so far? How much time do you spend playing video games? How many subjects did you have in 1st primary? How much sugar do you put in your milk? How many people are there in your class? How much milk do you drink a day? How many phone calls do you make a day? How much time do you need to work out this maths problem? Much time or just a little? How many times have you watched Harry Potter film? ¿Cuántas veces? How much water is there in Yesa reservoir? Much or just a little? How many teachers are there in your school? Many or just a few? How much bread is there in the kitchen? Much or only a little? How many cows are there in the meadow? Many or only a few? 12 . Preguntar sobre EL TIEMPO TRANSCURRIDO 1 A.- How long have you played handball? “¿Cuánto hace que juegas al balonmano? Cuánto llevas jugando al balonmano? B.- I’ve played handball for over two years, since 2021 2 A.- How long have you studied English? “¿Cuánto hace que estudias inglés? ¿Cuánto llevas estudiando inglés? B.- I’ve studied English for a long time, since I was four years old 3) A.- How long have you had this iPhone? = ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que tienes este..? B: I have had this iPhone for two months, since my birthday 4) Q: How long have you been friends? =¿Cuánto tiempo hace que sois amigos? A: We have been friends for ages , since we were little 6) Q: How long have you lived / How long have you been living in Mutilva? =¿Cuánto hace que vives en Mutilva? A: I have lived / I have been living in Mutilva since I was born 13 HOW BIG/HOW TALL/HOW LONG/ HOW DEEP…? 4) Q: How big is your dog? A: My dog is very big , bigger than my desk 5) Q: How tall is Pau Gasol? A: Pau Gasol is over two metres tall 6) Q: How long is a tennis court? A: A tennis court is about 23,77 metres long 7) Q: How long is an Olympic swimming pool? A: An Olympic pool is 50 metres long 8) Q ; How deep is a swimming pool? A: An Olympic swimming pool is over 2 metres deep 9) How do you come to school? B.- It depends! 10) How did you do it? 14.- Preguntar sobre ‘QUÉ TIPO DE… WHAT KIND OF…? =WHAT SORT OF…? 1) A.-“ What kind /What sort of books do you like reading?” ¿Qué clase de libros te gusta..? B.-“ I enjoy reading adventure books 2) A.-“ What kind (=What sort) of food is your favourite? = ¿Qué clase de comida es tu prefereida? B.-“ I like all kinds of food, particularly pasta , like spaghetti, rice, macaroni, etc..