Lower Limb Overview PDF

Anatomy of LOWER Limb Lower Limb Overview By Dr. Hassan Mohammed Rizk (Ph.D.) Associate Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology  Lower Limb LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 2 ...

Anatomy of LOWER Limb Lower Limb Overview By Dr. Hassan Mohammed Rizk (Ph.D.) Associate Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology  Lower Limb LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 2  Objectives: by the end of this lecture the student must understand the following knowledge: 1) Identify Lower Limb, regarding: LOWER LIMB A. Components. B. Regions. C. Bones. D. Joints. E. Communication. F. Function. 2) Lumbosacral Plexus Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 3  Objective # ( 1 ) Overview of Lower Limb - Components 1 Bones LOWER LIMB 30 Bones 2 Joints 26 Joints (not including Intercarpal Joints) 3 Muscles 60 Muscles (-/+) 4 Nerves (main) 17 Major nerves + Lumbosacral Plexus (not including branches) 5 Arteries (main) 4 Major Arteries (not including branches) 6 Veins (main) 4 Major Veins (not including tributaries) Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 4 LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 5  Objective # ( 1 ) Overview of Lower Limb - Regions 1. Thigh. LOWER LIMB 2. Gluteal region. Hamstring (Back of Thigh) 3. Knee region. (Popliteal Fossa) Poplitea (Back of Knee) 4. Leg. Sura (Back of Leg) 5. Ankle retinacula. Sole 6. Foot. (Anterior surface of foot) Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 6  Definitions: LOWER LIMB Thigh Is between hip joint and knee joint. ▪ Mainly, is the area of lower limb attachment to the trunk. Gluteal Region ▪ Is the only part of lower limb seen posteriorly. Knee region. (Popliteal Fossa) transition between the thigh and the leg. Leg. is between knee joint and the ankle joint Ankle retinacula. is a transition between leg and foot. Foot. is distal to the ankle joint Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 7 LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 8  Objective # ( 1 ) Overview of Lower Limb – Bones Name of the segment Bones forming LOWER LIMB ▪ Formed of: 1. Girdle Pelvic Girdle 1) Two hip bones (right & left). 2) Sacrum 2. Proximal Segment Thigh Femur ▪ Formed of: 3. Middle Segment Leg 1) Medially: Tibia. 2) Laterally: Fibula. ▪ Formed of: 3 groups 1) 7 Tarsal bones. 4. Distal Segment Foot 2) 5 Metatarsal bones 3) 14 Phalanges. Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 9 LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 10 LOWER LIMB Three important Corresponding transitions in areas in upper lower limb: limb Femoral triangle Axilla Popliteal Fossa Cubital Fossa Tarsal Tunnel Carpal tunnel Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 11  Objective # ( 1 ) Overview of Lower Limb – Joints Joint Site Region moved Movements LOWER LIMB 1. Pelvic Girdle In pubic and Gluteal areas Gluteal Limited Movements 1) Flexion & Extension. 2) Adduction & Abduction. 2. Hip Joint Proximal to the thigh Thigh 3) Rotation (medial & lateral) 4) Circumduction. Proximal to leg 1) Flexion & Extension. 3. Knee Joint (distal to thigh) leg 2) Medial & lateral rotations Proximal to forearm 4. Tibio-fibular Joints (distal to arm) Forearm Limited Movements 1) Flexion & Extension. Proximal to hand 5. Ankle Joint (distal to forearm) Hand 2) Adduction & Abduction. 3) Circumduction. 1) Flexion & Extension. 6. Metatarso-phalangeal Joints (MTPJ) Distal to metacarpal bones Fingers 2) Adduction & Abduction. 7. Interphalangeal Joints (IPJ) Between phalanges Phalanges Flexion & Extension. Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 12  Sacrum LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 13  Objective # ( 1 ) Overview of Lower Limb – Communication LOWER LIMB (1) Pelvic Cavity The lower limb is directly related to the pelvic cavity. Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 14  Objective # ( 1 ) Overview of Lower Limb – Function LOWER LIMB 1) Support of Body Weight with minimal consumption of energy. 2) Locomotion Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 15  Objective # ( 2 ) Lumbosacral Plexus LOWER LIMB ▪ The lumbar plexus is a somatic plexus formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves L1 to L3 and part of L4. ▪ The rest of the anterior ramus of L4 and the anterior ramus of L5 combine to form the lumbosacral trunk. ▪ Lumbosacral trunk enters the pelvic cavity and joins with the anterior rami of S1 to S3 and part of S4 to form the sacral plexus. ▪ Lumbo-sacral plexus forms the main nerve supply of the whole lower limb Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 16 LOWER LIMB Lumbar Plexus Sacral Plexus Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 17  Branches of Lumbo-Sacral Plexus Branches of Lumbar Plexus Branches of Sacral Plexus LOWER LIMB 1) Ilio-hypogastric. 1) Sciatic nerve. 2) Ilio-inguinal nerve. 2) Superior gluteal nerve 3) Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. 3) Inferior gluteal nerve. 4) Femoral nerve. 4) Nerve to obturator internus. 5) Genitofemoral nerve. 5) Nerve to Quadratus femoris. 6) Obturator nerve. 6) Pudendal nerve. 7) Posterior Cutaneous nerve of the thigh. Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 18 LOWER LIMB Branches of Lumbar Plexus Branches of Sacral Plexus Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 19  Reference LOWER LIMB Gray's anatomy for students, 3rd edition. ISBN: 978-0-7020-5131-9 Copyright© 2015, 2010, 2005 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 6. Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 20 LOWER LIMB Overview of Lower Limb By Dr. Hassan Rezk September 19, 2024 21