The Role Of Forests PDF

THE ROLE OF FORESTS The role of forests are summarized according to the five domains of human welfare – Protective services and influences – Educational and scientific services – Psychophysiological influences – Consumption of plants and animal derivatives – Source of land and livin...

THE ROLE OF FORESTS The role of forests are summarized according to the five domains of human welfare – Protective services and influences – Educational and scientific services – Psychophysiological influences – Consumption of plants and animal derivatives – Source of land and living space PROTECTIVE SERVICES AND INFLUENCES Climate Regulation Regulation of atmospheric conditions Stabilization of slopes  Water Catchment Angat dam Shelterbelts Shelterbelt Shelterbelt Phyllanthus balgooyi Buffer against spread of pest and diseases EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SERVICES  Research on Ecosystem and Organisms Pseudogekko hungkag  Zones to monitor ecological changes Philippine Swamp Frog (Limnonectes leytensis) Zones to monitor ecological changes Wild stocks for biocontrol agents Wild Stock for Chemicals  Derris elliptica Tubli rotenone  Derris trifolia Tubli, silasila rotenone Inspiration for Religion Inspiration for Religion Inspiration for Religion Source of gums, resin, tannins, waxes, distillates  Source of gums, resin, tannins, waxes, distillates Manila copal Source of gums, resin, tannins, waxes, distillates Source of gums, resin, tannins, waxes, distillates Dammar Source of gums, resin, tannins, waxes, distillates Thatching materials Thatching materials Thatching materials ropes Weaving materials Weaving materials Weaving materials Weaving materials  BENEFITS OF A GOOD FOREST COVER  Good Forest Cover HIGH BIODIVERSITY HIGH BIOMASS HIGH HARVESTABLE HIGH CARBON FOREST PRODUCTS SEQUESTRATION High Soil OM High Stable Less Atmospheric Productivity Ecosystem High Humus Content Carbon Good Soil Structure Slow Global Warming Good Porosity Less Climate Less SRO High Infiltration Change Less Surface High Groundwater Stable Soil Erosion Resource Ecosystem High Sustainable water Productivity Resource Higher Income Community Dev. National Dev.  Types of Deforestation 3 types: Disturbance Deforestation – The alteration of forest as a result of human disturbance Conversion Deforestation – Follows Disturbance Deforestation, resulting in conversion of forest lands to other land use Wasteful or Destructive Deforestation – decreases the low of high value goods and services from the forest due to the conversion to an alternative land use that produces lower- value goods and services.  Causes of Deforestation Economic activities such as: Commercial Logging Cattle Ranching Conversion to Other land-use Infrastructure Development Slash and burn cultivation  Factors affecting the rate of Deforestation Social – culture, values, traditional practice, property rights, Economic – Market, incentives, trade Political – affect the degree of intervention in forest product pricing and extraction, which interest groups are given favorable treatment, and the provision of some forest outputs as public goods.  Factors affecting the rate of Deforestation Social – Culture, values, traditional practice, property rights, Economic – Market, incentives, trade Political – affect the degree of intervention in forest product pricing and extraction, which interest groups are given favorable treatment, and the provision of some forest outputs as public goods. External – influence the economic, and political considerations in forest use ex: Demand of other countries for local resources  Consequences of Deforestation Loss of Potential Commodities and Services – Industrial Timber – Non-Timber Products Reduced Fuel wood Supply – Increased cost of production – Negative effect on health and nutrition – Reduced cropping productivity due to use of crop residues and animal residues for fuel.  Consequences of Deforestation Impacts on Agriculture – Reduced soil productivity due to accelerated soil erosion and compaction – Irregular water supply for lowland irrigation – Desertification pushes cropping and grazing back. Impacts on Downstream Infrastructure and Human Life – Sedimentation reduces efficiency of irrigation systems, canals, and reservoir – Floods and landslides damage infrastructure, crops, and fishing grounds – Flood causes damage to lives and properties  Consequences of Deforestation Impacts on Natural Habitats and Biological Resources – Loss of Biodiversity (reduction of population, extinction) – Unfavorable conditions for the breeding of domesticated plants and animals – Reduced opportunities for research and education Impacts on Indigenous Cultures – Loss of lands for hunting, fishing, gathering, and farming – Vulnerability to diseases and human rights abuses – Loss of traditional ecological knowledge  Consequences of Deforestation Impacts on Climate – Release of Carbon to the atmosphere – Changes in local and regional precipitation patterns  The Role of Forestry The basic concern of forestry is a production of a mix of forest goods, services, and values for intended beneficiaries. In deciding what and for whom to produce, the following questions can serve as our guide. 1) How is material wealth generated from the forest? 2) How are nonmaterial and material benefits produced simultaneously? 3) How are the material and non-material benefits distributed between the rich and the poor urban and rural and other components of the population. 4) How are future needs for forest weighted against present needs?