Zoology Practical 2025 PDF

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL I. Invertebrate animals 1. Hydra Identifying Character – a. Body radially symmetrical, Cylindrical in shape b. Tentacles are present 2. Liver fluke Identifying character a. Body is flat, Bilaterally symmetrical...

ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL I. Invertebrate animals 1. Hydra Identifying Character – a. Body radially symmetrical, Cylindrical in shape b. Tentacles are present 2. Liver fluke Identifying character a. Body is flat, Bilaterally symmetrical b. Mouth is surrounded by an oral sucker. Parasitic adaptation a. Body covered with thick cuticle b. Anaerobic respiration c. Two suckers - oral sucker and ventral sucker are present 3. Round worm Identifying character a. Body is Cylindrical , unsegmented b. Appendages are absent Parasitic adaptation d. Body covered with cuticle e. Anaerobic respiration a. Circulatory, respiratory and locomotory organs are absent 4. Leech Identifying Character a. Body is metamerically segmented , composed of 33 segments. b. Anterior and posterior sucker is present. Parasitic adaptation a. Presence of suckers. b. Saliva has an anti-coagulant called hirudin, which prevent blood coagulation. 5. Earth worm Identifying Character a. Body is Cylindrical, metamerically segmented. b. Clitellum present. Economic importance a. Improves soil fertility by aerating the soil b. Worm castings is good for the growth of plants. 6. Silk worm Identifying Character a. Jointed appendages b. Chitinous exoskeleton Economic importance a. Silk worm produces silk b. Sericulture provides employment opportunities  7. Honey bee Identifying Character a. Jointed appendages b. Sting is present Economic importance a. Honey bee produces honey and wax c. Apiculture provides employment opportunities 8. Snail Identifying Character a. Exoskeleton of calcareous shell b. Operculum is present Economic importance a. Used as food by man b. Shells are used in making decorative articles 9. Star fish Identifying Character a. Star shaped body with five arms and central disc b. Body is covered by spines II. Vertebrates 1. Rohu Identifying Character a. Body is covered with cycloid scales b. Bony endoskeleton 2. Frog Identifying Character a. Body is covered with soft and moist skin b. Neck and tail are absent Economic importance a. Frog’s flesh is edible b. Used as biological controller of pests 3. Garden lizard Identifying charecter a. Dry scales are present b. Limbs are pentadactyle and clawed 4. Pigeon Identifying character a. Body is covered with feathers b. A pair of Wings present Flight adaptation a. Forelimbs are modified into wings b. Pneumatic bones are present. 5. Rabbit Identifying characters a. Body is covered by soft hairs b. Pair of pinna are present. FROG VISCERA III. Identification of models a. Heart Part of the organ Function a. Right atrium Receives deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body b. Left atrium Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs c. Right ventricle Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs d. Left ventricle Pumps oxygenated blood to the various parts of the body e. Aorta Carries blood from left ventricle to various parts of the body f. Tricuspid valve Allow flow of deoxygenated blood from right atrium to right ventricle g. Bicuspid valve Allow flow of oxygenated blood from left atrium to left ventricle b. Lungs Part of the organ Function a. Larynx For producing voice b. Trachea Passage of air from outside to lungs c. Bronchi Passage of air from Trachea into the lungs d. Lung Provide surface for exchange of CO2 and O2 between air and blood c. Brain Part of the organ Function a. Cerebrum Seat of memory , intelligence , reasoning and learning b. Cerebellum Controls equilibrium and posture of the body c. Medulla Oblongata Controls coughing , sneezing , vomiting, urinating, blood preasure etc. d. Eye Part of the organ Function a. Cornea Act as transparent window and admits light rays into the eyes b. Iris Regulates the amount of light entering the eyeball by varying the size of the pupil. c. Lens refracts d. Retina Formation of the image of the object  e. Ear Part of the organ Function a. Pinna Collects sound waves and directs them to the external auditory canal b. Semicircular canal Maintenance of balance c. Cochlea Hearing d. Tympanum It produces vibrations and transmits it into the internal ear IV. Types of Muscles Striated Muscle Non Striated Muscle Cardiac Muscle V. Identification of joints 1. *Identification – Hip joint *Peculiarity – Ball and socket joint Allows movement in any direction 2. *Identification – Knee joint *Peculiarity – Hinge joint Movement possible only in one direction  3. *Identification – Wrist joint *Peculiarity – Gliding joint Bone slide one over another 4. *identification – Joint between skull and atlas vertebra *Peculiarity - Pivot joint Allow the bones to rotate in an axis VII. Bio Chemical Analysis Experiment Observation inference Test for glucose :- Solution turns greenish to brick red Presence of glucose Benedict's test - Take 2 ml of given ppt solution and add equal amount of Benedict's reagent. Boil for 2 minutes. Test for Protein :- Violet color Presence of protein Biuret test – take one ml. of the given solution in a test tube. Add one ml of Biuret reagent to it. Test for starch :- Blue black color Presence of starch Lugol’s test – take 2ml. of given solution in a test tube and add two drops of Lugol’s iodine to it VIII 1. Cheek epithelium 2. Blood cell IX. Embryology a. b. c. X. Human diseases Organism Identification Diseases Symptoms Entamoeba Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Abdominal pain, frequent motion with fluid faecal matter with blood and mucus Plasmodium Plasmodium vivax Malaria High fever, chill, shivering and headache Ascaris Ascaris lumbricoids Ascariasis Colic pain, indigestion, diarrhea and vomiting Ring worm A fungus belonging to Ring worm in man Appearance of dry scaly trychophytom, lesions in the body parts microsporum and such as skin, nail, and epidermophyton scalp. Intense itching. EVOLUTION HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS ANALOGOUS ORGANS  Forelimbs of some mammals like Whale , Bat ,  Wings of butterfly and wings of birds Cheetah and Human.  They are analogous organs. Analogous organs  They are Homologous Organs. Homologous are organs having different structure but same Organs are organs having same structure and function. origin but different function.  Such organs are developed due to Convergent  Such organs are developed due to Divergent Evolution. Evolution.