Invertebrate and Vertebrate Animals
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Questions and Answers

Which identifying character is associated with the liver fluke?

  • Body covered with jointed appendages
  • Body radially symmetrical
  • Mouth surrounded by an oral sucker (correct)
  • Body metamerically segmented

    • What feature distinguishes the body of a round worm?

  • Body with thick cuticle
  • Body flattened and bilateral
  • Body covered with an exoskeleton
  • Body cylindrical and unsegmented (correct)

    • Which of the following statements is true about leeches?

  • They are characterized by a radially symmetrical body
  • They have an oral sucker and are not segmented
  • They breathe through gills
  • They possess an anti-coagulant in their saliva (correct)

    • What is a primary economic importance of earthworms?

    <p>They aerate the soil and improve soil fertility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which identifying character is found in honey bees?

    <p>Jointed appendages with a sting present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of snails?

    <p>Presence of an operculum and calcareous shell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT typically associated with a frog?

    <p>Body covered with cycloid scales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature do starfish possess?

    <p>Star-shaped body with five arms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Protozoan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax?

    <p>High fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ascaris lumbricoides is responsible for which disease?

    <p>Ascariasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Ascariasis?

    <p>Diarrhea and vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evolution explains the development of homologous organs?

    <p>Divergent evolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are analogous organs?

    <p>Organs with different structures but the same function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wings of birds and butterflies are an example of:

    <p>Analogous organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organisms is a fungus?

    <p>Microsporum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What identifying characteristic is found in garden lizards?

    <p>Dry scales (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is performed by the left ventricle of the heart?

    <p>Pumps oxygenated blood to the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation helps pigeons to fly?

    <p>Modified forelimbs into wings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bronchi in the lungs?

    <p>To connect the trachea to the alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cerebellum in the brain?

    <p>Maintains equilibrium and posture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body?

    <p>Right atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which identifying characteristic is true for rabbits?

    <p>Body covered by soft hairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the eye allows light rays to enter?

    <p>Cornea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    What is a Hydra?

    An invertebrate that is radially symmetrical and has tentacles.

    What is a Liver Fluke?

    A parasitic flatworm with an oral sucker, characterized by a thick cuticle and anaerobic respiration.

    What is a Round Worm?

    An unsegmented, cylindrical invertebrate lacking appendages and relying on anaerobic respiration.

    What is a Leech?

    An invertebrate with a segmented body and two suckers, possessing an anticoagulant in its saliva.

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    What is an Earthworm?

    A segmented invertebrate with a clitellum and contributes to soil fertility.

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    What is a Silk Worm?

    An insect known for producing silk, important in the silk industry.

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    What is a Honey Bee?

    A flying insect with jointed appendages and a stinger, known for producing honey and wax.

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    What is a Snail?

    An invertebrate with a calcareous shell and an operculum, often used for food.

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    Entamoeba histolytica

    A parasitic protozoan that causes amoebiasis, characterized by abdominal pain, frequent bowel movements with watery stool containing blood and mucus.

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    Plasmodium vivax

    A parasitic protozoan that causes malaria, characterized by high fever, chills, shivering, and headache.

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    Ascaris lumbricoides

    A parasitic roundworm that causes ascariasis, characterized by colic pain, indigestion, diarrhea, and vomiting.

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    Ringworm

    A fungal infection that causes ringworm, characterized by dry, scaly lesions appearing on the skin, nails, and scalp, with intense itching.

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    Homologous organs

    Structures in different species that have the same basic structure, but have evolved to serve different functions.

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    Analogous organs

    Structures in different species that have different structures, but have evolved to serve the same functions.

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    Divergent evolution

    The evolutionary process where two species with a common ancestor evolve different traits due to adaptation to different environments.

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    Convergent evolution

    The evolutionary process where two species with different ancestors evolve similar traits due to adaptation to similar environments.

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    What is a frog?

    A type of amphibian characterized by smooth, moist skin, long hind limbs for jumping, and the absence of a neck and tail.

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    What is one economic benefit of frogs?

    Frogs are important for controlling pests, such as insects, in agricultural fields and gardens.

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    What are the identifying characteristics of a garden lizard?

    A type of reptile with dry, scaly skin, five-fingered (pentadactyl) limbs, and claws.

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    What are the identifying characteristics of a pigeon?

    A type of bird characterized by a body covered in feathers and a pair of wings.

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    What are some adaptations for flight in pigeons?

    Adaptations for flight in pigeons include modified forelimbs that form wings and hollow bones.

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    What are the identifying characteristics of a rabbit?

    A type of mammal with a soft, hairy body and a pair of external ears called pinnae.

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    What is the function of the right atrium in a frog's heart?

    The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

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    What is the function of the left ventricle in a frog's heart?

    The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.

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    Study Notes

    Invertebrate Animals

    • Hydra:
      • Body is radially symmetrical, cylindrical.
      • Tentacles are present.
    • Liver Fluke:
      • Body is bilaterally symmetrical, flat.
      • Oral sucker present.
      • Covered with a thick cuticle.
      • Anaerobic respiration.
      • Two suckers (oral and ventral).
    • Roundworm:
      • Cylindrical, unsegmented body.
      • No appendages.
      • Covered with cuticle.
      • Anaerobic respiration.
    • Leech:
      • Body is metamerically segmented (33 segments).
      • Anterior and posterior suckers present.
      • Saliva contains hirudin (anti-coagulant).
    • Earthworm:
      • Cylindrical, metamerically segmented body.
      • Clitellum present.
      • Improves soil fertility by aeration.
      • Worm castings aid plant growth.

    Silkworms

    • Silkworms:
      • Have jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton.
      • Produce silk.
      • Sericulture provides employment opportunities.

    Vertebrates

    • Rahu:
      • Covered with cycloid scales.
      • Bony endoskeleton.
    • Frog:
      • Soft, moist skin.
      • No neck or tail.
      • Edible flesh used as pest control.
    • Garden Lizard:
      • Dry scales.
      • Pentadactyle limbs (five-toed).
    • Pigeon:
      • Feathered body.
      • Pair of wings.
    • Rabbit:
      • Covered with soft fur (hair).
      • Pair of ears (pinnae).

    Cockroach Digestive System

    • Salivary gland.
    • Salivary receptacle.
    • Oesophagus.
    • Crop.
    • Gizzard.
    • Hepatic caecae.
    • Mesenteron.
    • Malpighian tubules.
    • Ileum.
    • Rectum.
    • Anus.
    • Colon.
    • Heart.
    • Gall bladder.
    • Lung.
    • Fat bodies.
    • Kidney.
    • Ureter.
    • Urinary bladder.
    • Cloaca.

    Frog Viscera

    • Oesophagus.
    • Liver.
    • Stomach.
    • Intestine.
    • Rectum.
    • Cloacal aperture.

    Human Heart

    • Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from body.
    • Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
    • Right ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
    • Left ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to body.
    • Aorta: Carries blood from left ventricle.
    • Tricuspid valve: Allows blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle.
    • Bicuspid valve: Allows blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle.

    Lungs

    • Larynx: Voice production.
    • Trachea: Air passage to lungs.
    • Bronchi: Air passage from trachea to lungs.
    • Lungs: Site of gas exchange (CO2/O2).

    Brain

    • Cerebrum: Memory, intelligence, reasoning.
    • Cerebellum: Equilibrium and posture.
    • Medulla Oblongata: Controls involuntary actions (coughing, sneezing).

    Eye

    • Cornea: Transparent window.
    • Iris: Regulates pupil size.
    • Lens: Refracts light.
    • Retina: Image formation.

    Ear

    • Pinna: Collects sound waves.
    • Semicircular canal: Balance.
    • Cochlea: Hearing.
    • Tympanum: Transmits vibrations.

    Muscle Types

    • Striated muscle: Voluntary movement.
    • Non-striated muscle: Involuntary movement.
    • Cardiac muscle: Heart muscle.

    Joints

    • Ball and socket joint: Allows movement in all directions (e.g., hip).
    • Hinge joint: Allows movement in one direction (e.g., knee).
    • Gliding joint: Allows sliding movement (e.g., wrist).
    • Pivot joint: Allows rotation (e.g., neck).

    Biochemical Analysis

    • Glucose test: Benedict's test.
      • Greenish/brick red ppt indicates glucose positive result.
    • Protein test: Biuret test.
      • Violet color indicates positive protein result.
    • Starch test: Lugol's test.
      • Blue/black color indicates positive starch result.

    Embryology - Diagrams:

    • Blastula: Shows layers of developing embryo (outer layer, inner cell mass, fluid filled cavity).
    • Testis: Shows stages of Sperm development within the tubules.
    • Ovary: Shows developing egg layers within follicles (primary follicles and mature graafian follicles).

    Human Diseases - Organisms, Diseases, and Symptoms

    • Various organisms associated with diseases (Amoebiasis, Malaria, Ascariasis, Ringworm).
      • Symptoms associated with each disease (e.g. abdominal pain, High fever, Colic pain, skin lesions).

    Homologous/Analogous Organs

    • Homologous: Similar structure, different function.
    • Analogous: Same function, different structure.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of invertebrate and vertebrate animals in this quiz. From the unique characteristics of hydras and leeches to the significance of earthworms in soil health, test your knowledge on various species. Learn about silkworms and their role in sericulture as well.

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