Year 11 SEM 2 Biology Past Paper PDF

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Topic** | - kEY points | +===================================+===================================+ | **En...

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Topic** | - kEY points | +===================================+===================================+ | **Enzymes** | - Differences between induced | | | fit and lock and key models | | | for enzyme action\ | | | Describe the active site\ | | | Effect of varying substrate | | | or enzyme concentration on | | | reaction rate (graph | | | differences based on IV)\ | | | Explain enzyme specificity | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Explain enzyme denaturing (pH | | | and temperature) and | | | inhibition (competitive and | | | non-competitive)\ | | | Define activation energy and | | | identify on enzyme reaction | | | graphs (with/without enzyme)\ | | | Enzyme action: catabolic vs | | | anabolic | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cardiovascular** | - Differences between arteries, | | | veins, and capillaries | | | (structure and function)\ | | | Differences between atria and | | | ventricles\ | | | Four main products of blood | | | composition\ | | | Two circuits: pulmonary and | | | systemic | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Heart valves: role in | | | maintaining unidirectional | | | blood flow | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Urinary** | +------------------------------+ | | | | - Four stages of nephron | | | | | function: filtration, | | | | | reabsorption, secretion, | | | | | excretion | | | | | | | | | | - Changes in glucose, | | | | | urea, protein | | | | | concentrations in | | | | | nephron\ | | | | | Kidney anatomy: cortex, | | | | | medulla, pyramid, | | | | | nephrons, renal | | | | | vein/artery, ureters | | | | +------------------------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - ADH | | | | | | impact | | | | | | on blood | | | | | | and | | | | | | kidney\ | | | | | | Effects | | | | | | of | | | | | | diuretic | | | | | | s | | | | | | on blood | | | | | | volume, | | | | | | blood | | | | | | pressure | | | | | | , | | | | | | heart | | | | | | rate, | | | | | | urine | | | | | | volume | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Marine** | +------------------------------+ | | | | - Biotic and abiotic | | | | | factors in marine | | | | | environments | | | | | | | | | | - Vertical zonation: | | | | | supralittoral, littoral, | | | | | sub-littoral (tidal | | | | | impacts) | | | | | | | | | | - Compare marine algae | | | | | (seaweed) vs marine | | | | | angiosperms (seagrass) | | | | +------------------------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - Movement | | | | | | of water | | | | | | through | | | | | | transpir | | | | | | ation | | | | | | stream\ | | | | | | Diffusio | | | | | | n | | | | | | of water | | | | | | from | | | | | | soil to | | | | | | xylem | | | | | | vessels\ | | | | | | Flow of | | | | | | transpir | | | | | | ation | | | | | | stream: | | | | | | roots to | | | | | | leaves, | | | | | | cohesion | | | | | | effect | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Science inquiry skills** | +------------------------------+ | | | | - Identify IV and DV\ | | | | | - Write hypotheses in | | | | | correct format\ | | | | | - Diagrams: precise vs | | | | | accurate data\ | | | | | - Strength of | | | | | correlation using | | | | | diagrams\ | | | | | - Identify random and | | | | | systematic error on | | | | | graphs | | | | +------------------------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - \- | | | | | | Explain | | | | | | connecti | | | | | | ons | | | | | | between: | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - \- | | | | | | Uncertai | | | | | | nty | | | | | | in | | | | | | resoluti | | | | | | on | | | | | | = random | | | | | | error | | | | | | (affects | | | | | | precisio | | | | | | n/reliabilit | | | | | | y) | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - \- | | | | | | Uncertai | | | | | | nty | | | | | | in | | | | | | calibrat | | | | | | ion | | | | | | = | | | | | | systemat | | | | | | ic | | | | | | error | | | | | | (affects | | | | | | accuracy | | | | | | ) | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - \- | | | | | | Uncertai | | | | | | nty | | | | | | in | | | | | | repeatab | | | | | | ility | | | | | | = method | | | | | | issues | | | | | | (affects | | | | | | validity | | | | | | ) | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - \- | | | | | | Sample | | | | | | size | | | | | | (affects | | | | | | reliabil | | | | | | ity) | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - \- Rules | | | | | | for | | | | | | graphing | | | | | | data\ | | | | | | - How to | | | | | | improve | | | | | | reliabil | | | | | | ity\ | | | | | | - Draw | | | | | | and | | | | | | critique | | | | | | conclusi | | | | | | ons | | | | | | based on | | | | | | uncertai | | | | | | nty | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **SHE** | +------------------------------+ | | | | - Know **SHE concepts** | | | | | and model for answering | | | | | questions: | | | | +------------------------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - **CLAIM* | | | | | | *: | | | | | | State | | | | | | SHE | | | | | | concept, | | | | | | key | | | | | | article | | | | | | idea, | | | | | | paraphra | | | | | | se | | | | | | humanity | | | | | | impact | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - **EVIDEN | | | | | | CE**: | | | | | | Use two | | | | | | clear | | | | | | data | | | | | | points | | | | | | to | | | | | | support | | | | | | SHE | | | | | | concept | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - | - **JUSTIF | | | | | | ICATION**: | | | | | | Link to | | | | | | scientif | | | | | | ic | | | | | | method, | | | | | | positive | | | | | | applicat | | | | | | ion | | | | | | for | | | | | | humanity | | | | | | , | | | | | | ongoing | | | | | | monitori | | | | | | ng, | | | | | | innovati | | | | | | on | | | | | | opportun | | | | | | ities | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+