Biology Chapter: Enzymes, Cardiovascular, and Urinary Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of heart valves?

  • Filtering blood
  • Pumping blood
  • Maintaining unidirectional blood flow (correct)
  • Increasing blood pressure

    • The nephron only has two stages of function: filtration and excretion.

    False

    Name the four stages of nephron function.

    Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

    The regions of the kidney include the __________, medulla, pyramid, nephrons, renal vein, and ureters.

    <p>cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ADH impact?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diuretics cause an increase in blood volume.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in the concentrations of glucose, urea, and protein in the nephron?

    <p>They fluctuate during filtration and reabsorption processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does uncertainty in resolution result in?

    <p>Random error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the renal structures with their functions:

    <p>Cortex = Outer layer containing filtering units Medulla = Contains renal pyramids and tubules Nephrons = Functional unit of the kidney Ureters = Transport urine to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systematic error is caused by uncertainty in resolution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error does uncertainty in calibration introduce?

    <p>Systematic error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncertainty in resolution leads to _____ error.

    <p>random</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of uncertainty with their respective errors:

    <p>Uncertainty in resolution = Random error Uncertainty in calibration = Systematic error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does uncertainty in calibration affect measurements?

    <p>Decreases reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Random error affects the accuracy of measurements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary categories of biotic and abiotic factors in marine environments?

    <p>Biotic and abiotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does random error primarily influence in measurements?

    <p>Precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marine angiosperms, such as seagrass, are classified differently from marine algae.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of vertical zonation in marine environments?

    <p>It categorizes different marine habitats based on tidal impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ of water through transpiration is a key process in marine ecosystems.

    <p>movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following marine categories with their descriptions:

    <p>Supralittoral = Above high tide line Littoral = Intertidal zone Sub-littoral = Below low tide line Transpiration = Process of water movement through plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the impact of tides on marine habitats?

    <p>Vertical zonation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of water through diffusion plays no role in marine ecosystems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two major factors categorized in marine environments.

    <p>Biotic factors and abiotic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary factor affects the repeatability of a method?

    <p>Method issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Larger sample sizes increase the reliability of a study.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method to improve reliability in research?

    <p>Increase sample size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uncertainty in repeatability can lead to issues with the method's _____.

    <p>validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their effects on research reliability:

    <p>Sample size = Affects reliability positively Method issues = Affects validity negatively Graphing data rules = Improve interpretation Repeatability = Correlates with validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term denotes the problems that can affect the validity of a research method?

    <p>Method issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Graphing data has no impact on the reliability of research results.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does method issues have on research?

    <p>It affects validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym SHE stand for in this context?

    <p>Not defined in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A claim is defined as stating a SHE concept or key article idea.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evidence in the context of SHE?

    <p>To use two clear data points to support claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is made to state the SHE concept or its impact.

    <p>claim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following SHE components with their descriptions:

    <p>Claim = State a SHE concept or key idea Evidence = Use two clear data points Conclusion = Summarize based on uncertainty Concept = Underlying principle of SHE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of SHE?

    <p>Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SHE concepts are only relevant to scientific discussions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of uncertainty in conclusions related to SHE?

    <p>Conclusions are made based on uncertainty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of justification in a scientific context?

    <p>To link to scientific methods and positive applications for humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive applications of scientific methods are irrelevant to humanity's progress.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ongoing activity is essential for validating scientific concepts?

    <p>monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Justification in science emphasizes the connection to the __________ method.

    <p>scientific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientific terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Justification = Link to scientific method and positive applications Ongoing monitoring = Continuous evaluation of scientific claims Innovation = Creation of new ideas and methods Positive application = Benefits resulting from scientific research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ongoing monitoring in scientific research?

    <p>Eliminates the need for further research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innovation opportunities arise from scientific research and continuous monitoring.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one factor that links justification to positive applications.

    <p>scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enzymes

    • Differences between induced fit and lock-and-key models for enzyme action
    • Describe the active site
    • Effect of varying substrate or enzyme concentration on reaction rate (graph differences)
    • Explain enzyme specificity
    • Explain enzyme denaturing (pH and temperature) and inhibition (competitive and non-competitive)
    • Define activation energy and identify it on enzyme reaction graphs (with/without enzyme)
    • Enzyme action: catabolic vs anabolic

    Cardiovascular

    • Differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries (structure and function)
    • Differences between atria and ventricles
    • Four main products of blood composition
    • Two circuits: pulmonary and systemic
    • Heart valves: role in maintaining unidirectional blood flow

    Urinary

    • Four stages of nephron function: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
    • Changes in glucose, urea, protein concentrations in nephron
    • Kidney anatomy: cortex, medulla, pyramid, nephrons, renal vein/artery, ureters
    • ADH impact on blood and kidney
    • Effects of diuretics on blood volume, blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume

    Marine

    • Biotic and abiotic factors in marine environments
    • Vertical zonation: supralittoral, littoral, sub-littoral (tidal impacts)
    • Compare marine algae (seaweed) vs marine angiosperms (seagrass)
    • Movement of water through transpiration stream
    • Diffusion of water from soil to xylem vessels
    • Flow of transpiration stream: roots to leaves, cohesion effect

    Science Inquiry Skills

    • Identify IV and DV
    • Write hypotheses in correct format
    • Diagrams: precise vs accurate data
    • Strength of correlation using diagrams
    • Identify random and systematic error on graphs
    • Explain connections between uncertainty in resolution = random error, uncertainty in calibration = systematic error, uncertainty in repeatability = method issues, sample size
    • Rules for graphing data
    • How to improve reliability
    • Draw and critique conclusions based on uncertainty
    • Know SHE concepts and model for answering questions: CLAIM, EVIDENCE, JUSTIFICATION

    SHE

    • State SHE concept, key idea, and paraphrase of humanity impact (CLAIM)
    • Use two clear data points to support SHE concept (EVIDENCE)
    • Link to scientific method, positive application for humanity, ongoing monitoring, innovation opportunities (JUSTIFICATION)

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from biology, focusing on enzymes, the cardiovascular system, and urinary function. It includes differences in models of enzyme action, structures of blood vessels, and nephron functions, aiming to test your understanding of these essential biological processes.

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