Year 10 Notes Religion T4 PDF

Catholic Social Teaching (CST) Key Principles: 1. Foundation of CST: ○ CST is grounded in the sacredness of human life, emphasising the inherent dignity of every person. 2. Key Principles in CST: ○ Subsidiarity and participation: Local communities should...

Catholic Social Teaching (CST) Key Principles: 1. Foundation of CST: ○ CST is grounded in the sacredness of human life, emphasising the inherent dignity of every person. 2. Key Principles in CST: ○ Subsidiarity and participation: Local communities should be empowered to address issues, ensuring that decisions are made at the most immediate level. ○ Solidarity: We are called to support and care for each other, acting as "our brothers' and sisters' keepers." ○ Preferential Option for the Poor: Society should prioritise the needs of the poor and vulnerable. ○ Human Dignity: We are made in God’s image. This means we each have a God-given dignity. ○ Care for Our Common Home: We are responsible for looking after the world we live in. ○ The Common Good: We can only live life in all its fullness when we are in relationship with others – through community. 3. Consistent Ethic of Life: ○ CST promotes a “consistent ethic of life,” which values the protection of human life from conception to natural death. 4. Purpose of the Economy: ○ According to CST, the economy should serve the needs of people, not just corporate profits or government interests. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development: 1. Developer of Theory: ○ Lawrence Kohlberg developed the theory of moral development, focusing on stages of moral reasoning and growth. 2. Levels of Moral Development: ○ Pre-conventional Level: Moral reasoning is based on self-interest. Decisions are made to avoid punishment or gain rewards.  Stages include: Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation - Decisions focus on avoiding punishment. Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation - Actions are driven by self-interest and rewards. ○ Conventional Level: Moral reasoning centers around maintaining social order and gaining social approval. Stages include: Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships - Actions are based on seeking approval from others and maintaining relationships. Stage 4: Authority and Social Order Maintaining Orientation - Focuses on fulfilling duties and upholding laws for social stability. ○ Post-conventional Level: Moral reasoning is based on personal principles and universal ethics, even when these conflict with laws or norms. Stages include: Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation - Recognizes laws as social contracts that should promote the welfare of society. Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles - The highest stage where individuals act according to abstract principles like justice and equality. 3. Focus of Each Level: ○ Pre-conventional: Self-interest, avoiding punishment. ○ Conventional: Social order, approval from others. ○ Post-conventional: Universal ethics, individual principles beyond social rules. Sacraments at the Service of Communion Communion: The act of sharing or participating in something, especially a religious service or a meal. Example: The priest led the congregation in a solemn act of communion. Sacraments: Sacred rituals or ceremonies that are believed to be instituted by Jesus Christ and to convey divine grace. Example: The Catholic Church recognizes seven sacraments, including baptism, confirmation, and marriage. Commitment: A promise or pledge to do something or to be faithful to someone. Example: The couple made a commitment to love and support each other for the rest of their lives. Signify: To be a sign or symbol of something. Example: The ring on her finger signified her commitment to her husband. Ministry: The work or service done by a religious group or individual. Example: He dedicated his life to the ministry of helping the poor and homeless. 1. Post-conventional moral development: This level involves decisions based on personal principles and ethics, even if conflicting with the law. 2. Economy's purpose (CST): The economy should serve the needs of people, not profits or other interests. 3. Consistent ethic of life (CST): Calls for protection of human life from conception to natural death. 4. Subsidiarity (CST): Emphasises supporting local communities to solve their own problems. 5. Moral Development - Social Order (Kohlberg): Stage 4, where individuals act to maintain social order and gain social approval. 6. Theory of moral development: Developed by Lawrence Kohlberg. 7. Foundation of Catholic Social Teaching (CST): Sacredness of human life. 8. Rights of workers (CST): Includes fair wages, joining unions, safe working conditions; does not include inheriting wealth. 9. Solidarity (CST): Principle calling us to act as "our brothers' and sisters' keepers." 10. Pre-conventional level (Kohlberg): First level, where decisions are made to avoid punishment or gain rewards. 11. Priority in society (CST): Emphasises prioritising the poor and vulnerable. 12. Pre-conventional level description: Acting to avoid punishment or gain rewards. 13. Repentance lesson: If one ignores the Scriptures, they would also ignore someone rising from the dead. 14. Morality: Personal principles of right and wrong. 15. Conscience: Inner sense distinguishing right from wrong. 16. Moral decision example: Deciding to help a friend in need. 17. Justice: Concept of fairness and right treatment of individuals. 18. Difference between law and morals: Laws are government-enforced, morals are personal principles. 19. Moral response to unfair treatment: Guided by a sense of fairness and justice. 20. Sacraments at Service of Communion: Strengthen Christian community and serve others. 21. Morals: Yes, all individuals have a sense of right and wrong. 22. Moral Responsibility: Duty to act based on personal or societal moral principles. 23. Sacraments at Service of Communion: Marriage and Ordination. 24. Ordination significance: Commitment to serve the Church as a priest, deacon, or bishop. 25. Moral decision-making: Choosing actions based on moral principles. 26. Similarity of law and morality: Both intended to guide behaviour and protect society. 27. Sacraments at Service of Communion purpose: Strengthen Christian community and serve others. 28. Vocation: A calling reflecting one's passions and values. 29. Vocation change: It can evolve with experiences and life stages. 30. Covenant definition: A solemn promise involving commitments. 31. Old Testament covenant example: Covenant between God and Noah. 32. Key commitment of the Catholic Church (CST): Promoting social justice and equal dignity for all. 33. Water symbolism (Holy Spirit): Cleansing and life-giving action at Baptism. 34. Church’s advocacy for wealth sharing: Aims at supporting the common good. 35. Common good (Church’s role): Promotes respect for human dignity and addresses social inequalities. 36. Covenant example: Marriage vow. 37. Solidarity (CST): Supporting others, especially the poor and vulnerable. 38. Oil symbolism (Holy Spirit): Represents unity with Jesus, the Anointed One. 39. Gift of the Holy Spirit for enduring trials: Fortitude. 40. Baptism empowerment: To bring God's love to all, especially the poor. 41. Poor in need of God’s love: Includes people experiencing homelessness, refugees, and those with mental illness. 42. Refugees' need for God’s love: They face language barriers, discrimination, and uncertainty. 43. Isolation of marginalised groups: Often due to discrimination or social exclusion. 44. Bringing God’s love to marginalised groups: Through advocacy, support, and compassion. 45. Sacredness of each person: Each is made in God’s image. 46. Innate dignity inspires: A commitment to a just and compassionate world. 47. Who deserves dignity: Especially the vulnerable to poverty and injustice. 48. Image of God in every person: Recognizing and respecting everyone's dignity and worth.