Year 1 - Gastrointestinal Micronutrients Laboratory HANDOUT 2 PDF

Animal Nutrition: Macronutrients Laboratory Dr. Jackie Parr, BScH, DVM, MSc, DACVIM (Nutrition) Pronouns: she/her  Contact Information Dr. Jackie Parr (she/her) Board-Certified Veterinary Nutritionist® Ne...

Animal Nutrition: Macronutrients Laboratory Dr. Jackie Parr, BScH, DVM, MSc, DACVIM (Nutrition) Pronouns: she/her  Contact Information Dr. Jackie Parr (she/her) Board-Certified Veterinary Nutritionist® Nestlé Purina Petcare Clinical Assistant Professor of Nutrition Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Email: [email protected] Service: [email protected] Mobile: +1-762-234-0074 Ideally, we will focus on answering questions during our scheduled laboratory sessions  Schedule (Room 3326) Friday 11/15/2024 11:00AM-12:00PM: Macronutrients interactive lecture Friday 11/15/2024 3:00PM-5:00PM: Macronutrients integration laboratory Monday 11/18/2024 11:00AM-12:00PM: Vitamins interactive lecture Monday 11/18/2024 3:00PM-5:00PM: Macronutrients integration laboratory To be determined 11/XX/2024: Vitamins integration laboratory Monday 12/2/2024 3:00PM-4:00PM: Minerals interactive lecture Tuesday 12/3/2024 3:00PM-5:00PM: Minerals integration laboratory 55 Nutrition Schedule  Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water Water Macro- Sugars Amino Acids Fatty Acids Soluble minerals Vitamins Fat Soluble Micro- Starches Vitamins minerals Vitamin-Like Fibers Compounds Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010); A Guide to the Principles of Animal Nutrition (2020); Figure from Quizlet website (2024) 56 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use What are the four (4) different types of digestive systems? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Ruminants/ Avian Monogastrics Hindgut Fermenters Foregut Fermenters Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010); A Guide to the Principles of Animal Nutrition (2020); Figure from Quizlet website (2024) 58 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the following applies to dogs (canines)? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Order Carnivora Canoidae: Diverse Bears: Omnivores Racoons: Omnivores Pandas: Herbivores Feloidae: Uniform All: Carnivores Figure from MacDonald, Rogers, and Morris (1984) 60 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Humans Dogs Cats Omnivore* Omnivore vs. Carnivore *Individual variation based Carnivorous omnivore vs. on personal preferences Omnivorous carnivore Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System (2004) 61 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Humans Dogs Cats Omnivore Omnivore Carnivore jf r É É Figures from Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System (2004) 62 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Dogs Cats Meals: Larger meals and tend to Meals: 10-20 daily (if fed ad libitum consume food rapidly (associated or feral) and distributed between with scavenging behaviors) light and dark periods Feral diet: Scavenging rather than Feral diet: Mice, rats, rabbits, birds, hunting is typical lizards, insects, etc. Neophobia: In new environments or stressful situations (i.e., select the familiar diet over the novel diet) MacDonald, Rogers, and Morris (1984) 63 Feeding Behaviors  Dogs Both Species Cats 10 essential amino acids MacDonald, Rogers, and Morris (1984); Baker and Czarnecki-Maulden (1991); AAFCO (2024) 64 Dietary Protein Requirements  put Ian Elif.EE Dogs Both Species Cats Lower protein requirement: Essential amino acids (AA) Higher protein requirement: 45 g/Mcal (adults) 65 g/Mcal (adults) P: Phenylalanine Adaptive to lower protein V: Valine Non-adaptive to lower intakes (AA catabolism protein intakes (AA enzyme activities decrease T: Threonine catabolism enzyme to conserve) T: Tryptophan activities do not change) I: Isoleucine Gluconeogenesis “switches M: Methionine Gluconeogenesis is “off” (fed) and “on” (fasted) constantly “switched on” H: Histidine A: Arginine Urea cycle enzymes Urea cycle enzymes correlate with protein in diet L: Lysine constantly “switched on” L: Leucine MacDonald, Rogers, and Morris (1984); Baker and Czarnecki-Maulden (1991); AAFCO (2024) 65 Dietary Protein Requirements  For each nutrient: Focus on digestion and absorption Finish either in the liver (from the portal vein) or in systemic circulation (from the lymphatics) 66 EXERCISE  Additional Resources (under week 1) 67 Nutrition Learning Objectives  Proteins: Starts on page 81 Fats: Starts on page 96 Carbohydrates (Starches and Sugars): Starts on page 67 Carbohydrates (Fibers): Starts on page 72 Figures and photos from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 68 EXERCISE  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Where does protein digestion begin for dogs and cats? stomach Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  dose Please download and install the Slido pepsin app on all computers you use What enzymes are used to digest proteins? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. LEGEND: g – grams; ND – not determined 75 2024 AAFCO Dog Nutrient Profiles LEGEND: g – grams; ND – not determined 76 2024 AAFCO Cat Nutrient Profiles  Essential Fatty Acids essential Figure from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) not efficient very -6-desaturase: Dogs: Can produce a small amount of arachidonic acid from linoleic acid Cannot produce enough EPA + DHA from - linoleic acid for a therapeutic benefit eats need would Cats: Lack sufficient activity of enzyme asupplement unable to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid or -linoleic acid to EPA + DHA Morris (2002) Ifrs inflammm 77 Dietary Fat Requirements  Corn oil Flaxseed oil Animal fat Cold-water fish/algae Figure from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 78 Dietary Fat Requirements  LEGEND: g – grams; ND – not determined Fat content is based on: 1) essential fatty acids, 2) carrier of fat-soluble vitamins, 3) palatability, and 4) calories 79 2024 AAFCO Dog Nutrient Profiles LEGEND: g – grams; ND – not determined Fat content is based on: 1) essential fatty acids, 2) carrier of fat-soluble vitamins, 3) palatability, and 4) calories 80 2024 AAFCO Cat Nutrient Profiles  For each nutrient: Focus on digestion and absorption Finish either in the liver (from the portal vein) or in systemic circulation (from the lymphatics) 82 EXERCISE  Proteins: Starts on page 81 Fats: Starts on page 96 Carbohydrates (Starches and Sugars): Starts on page 67 Carbohydrates (Fibers): Starts on page 72 Figures and photos from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 83 EXERCISE  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the following are necessary for dietary fat digestion and absorption? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  For each nutrient: Focus on digestion and absorption Finish either in the liver (from the portal vein) or in systemic circulation (from the lymphatics) 85 EXERCISE  Proteins: Starts on page 81 Fats: Starts on page 96 Carbohydrates (Starches and Sugars): Starts on page 67 Carbohydrates (Fibers): Starts on page 72 Figures and photos from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 86 EXERCISE  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Where are starches digested and absorbed in dogs and cats? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Provide an example of a brush border enzyme? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Verbrugghe and Hesta (2017) 89 Dietary Carbohydrates  Fibers Figure from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 90 Dietary Fibers  d Fibers ÉI usetobulkupfeces wout gas Figure from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 91 Dietary Fibers  For each nutrient: Focus on digestion and absorption Finish either in the liver (from the portal vein) or in systemic circulation (from the lymphatics) 92 EXERCISE  Proteins: Starts on page 81 Fats: Starts on page 96 Carbohydrates (Starches and Sugars): Starts on page 67 Carbohydrates (Fibers): Starts on page 72 Figures and photos from Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (2010) 93 EXERCISE  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the following applies to pigs? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Pigs Figures from Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System (2004) 95 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Pigs Figures from Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System (2004) 96 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Additional Resources (under week 1) 97 Nutrition Learning Objectives  transplant greatmonic YHHEtftaam.ir Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the following applies to chickens and turkeys (poultry) ? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Chicken GI Tract Budgerigar Figures from Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System (2004); Chicken digestive system figure from Clavigo and Vives (2017) 99 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Chicken Figures from Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System (2004); Chicken digestive system figure from Clavigo and Vives (2017) 100 Comparative Anatomy and Macronutrients  Contact Information Dr. Jackie Parr (she/her) Board-Certified Veterinary Nutritionist® Nestlé Purina Petcare Clinical Assistant Professor of Nutrition Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Email: [email protected] Service: [email protected] Mobile: +1-762-234-0074 Ideally, we will focus on answering questions during our scheduled laboratory sessions