YEAR 5 SCIENCE STUDY MATERIAL PDF

‫أكاديمية أديسون العالمية‬ “Empower students to learn for life and strive for excellence so that they can contribute positively to the global society” YEAR 5- SCIENCE...

‫أكاديمية أديسون العالمية‬ “Empower students to learn for life and strive for excellence so that they can contribute positively to the global society” YEAR 5- SCIENCE STUDY MATERIAL TERM 01- WEEK 02 Topic: THE POLLINATION PROCESS LO: By the end of the lesson, students will be able to analyse the process of pollination, including cross and self-pollination, and its significance in plant reproduction through interactive activities and discussions. Success Criteria: To be successful, I must: Describe the process of pollination, including the roles of pollen, pollinators, and flower structures. identify and discuss the importance of pollination in plant reproduction. differentiate between self and cross-pollination.  The Pollination Process The male and female parts of a plant are the key elements in pollination. The male parts include the anther and filament, which together are called the stamen. The stamen produces the pollen. The female parts are the stigma, the style, and the ovary at the base of the flower, which together are called the carpel or Pistil  If you have two different types of donuts (a powdered donut and a plain donut) in front of you. If you take a bite of your powdered donut without using your hands! Without wiping your mouth, if you take a bite of your plain donut…still do not use your hands! What will you observe about your plain donut? Pollen is like the powdered sugar on your lips—it is a fine powder produced by the male part of a flower (the stamen) that contains the plant's cells. When pollinators visit flowers to collect nectar, they pick up pollen on their bodies, which can then be transferred to other flowers as they move around.  WATCH ME What Is Pollination? Have you ever noticed hummingbirds going from flower to flower and wondered what they were doing? The hummingbird is getting nectar, a high energy drink flowers use to attract hummingbirds. 'Very kind of the flowers,' you might say. What is the catch? By attracting birds and insects, the flower is making sure that its pollen gets taken to other flowers. If you have ever seen a bee close-up when it is visiting flowers, you might have noticed that the legs are covered with yellow grains of pollen. Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred from the male organs (such as the stamen) to the female reproductive organs (such as the stigma) of a plant. The plant needs pollination to make seeds and reproduce. So, how does it work?  The Pollination Process 1- The flower petal’s bright colours and fragrant scents attract insects. 2- The insect arrives on the flower to collect nectar. This nectar is a sweet liquid which makes perfect insect food. 3- As the insect is gathering the nectar, it rubs against the anthers, which rub pollen onto the insect. 4- After the insect is done feeding on the flower’s nectar, it gets hungry and gets attracted by another flower`s bright colours. 5- As the insect feeds on the nectar in this new flower, the pollen stuck to the insect from the first flower rubs off onto the female parts of the second flower (the stigma). 6- Part of this pollen travels down the style and then into the ovary. 7- The tiny piece of pollen joins onto an ovule in the ovary. The plant has now been fertilised. 8- After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a fruit and the ovule develops into a seed which will then be dispersed so that new plants will be able to grow somewhere else. Types of Pollination Although all flowering plants rely on pollination for reproduction, there is a variation in how plants pollinate. There are two types of pollination: self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self-Pollination Self-pollination is the more basic type of pollination because it only involves one flower. This type of pollination occurs when pollen grains from the anther fall directly onto the stigma of the same flower. Cross-Pollination Cross-pollination is a more complex type of pollination that involves the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower. Cross-pollination helps plants make seeds that are different from their parents, like how children can be different from their parents. For self-pollination, it helps plants make seeds quickly and easily, like doing your own homework instead of asking a friend Topic: Insects and Wind pollination LO:By the end of this lesson, I will be able to explain pollination processes, differentiate between insect and wind pollination adaptations, and suggest conservation strategies. Success Criteria: To be successful, I must: Describe pollination processes accurately. Differentiate between insect and wind pollination adaptation Suggest at least one practical method to conserve pollinator populations.  What Are Pollinators? Pollinators are animals of all types that visit flowers and take away their pollen. What do you think would happen if all pollinators suddenly disappeared from an ecosystem? Why do you think some flowers have bright colours, while others are dull? Have you ever noticed that some flowers have a strong smell, while others do not? Why do you think that is? Why do you think some flowers produce nectar, while others do not? Have you ever noticed patterns or marks on flower petals? What do you think they are for? Insects in Pollination Insects do not pollinate on purpose; it is just something that happens as they collect nectar from flowers to feed on. Insects are incredibly important when it comes to pollination. Flowers pollinated by insects attract pollinators in the following ways: They are white or have brightly coloured petals. They have a scent. They produce nectar. They have marks on the petals to guide the insect to the nectar inside the flower.  WATCH ME Wind Pollination While some plants use insects to help them transport their pollen, others rely on wind. These plants are usually less colourful as they do not need to attract insects. The wind carries pollen from one plant to another. Rice is an example of a wind- pollinating plant. Flowers pollinated by wind have these adaptations: The petals are small and not brightly coloured. They do not have a scent or nectar. They make lots of smooth, light pollen grains that blow away easily.