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# Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of: * **Spinal nerves:** 31 pairs of nerves that exit the spinal cord. These carry both sensory and motor messages. * **Cranial nerves:** 12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brain stem. They conduct impulses to an...

# Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of: * **Spinal nerves:** 31 pairs of nerves that exit the spinal cord. These carry both sensory and motor messages. * **Cranial nerves:** 12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brain stem. They conduct impulses to and from sensory organs and can be sensory, motor, or mixed. **Reflex System:** This includes spinal, deep tendon, and superficial reflexes, and protective responses. **Nerve Cells (Neurons):** These neurons send information. **Functions of the PNS:** 1. **Connects the CNS to organs, limbs, and skin:** Carries sensory and motor information to and from the CNS. 2. **Carries sensory and motor information:** Sends information to and from the CNS. 3. **Allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body.** It enables communication between the CNS and different parts of the body. 4. **Regulates involuntary functions.** # Somatic Nervous System This system controls voluntary movement and sensory information. This means the control of things that we consciously choose to do. # Autonomic Nervous System This system controls internal body environments without conscious intervention. It includes: * **Sympathetic nervous system:** Prepares the body for action. It creates physiological changes, such as pupil dilation and increased heart rate and breathing. * Eye - pupils dilate * Lungs - bronchial tubes dilate * Heart - rate and strength of heartbeat increase * Liver - release glucose