Indian History at a Glance PDF

INDIAN HISTORY AT A GLANCE Doctrine of Lapse Lord Dalhousie Disrespect to Nana Saheb pension denied Disrespect to Bahadur Shah no Red fort/no titles Disrespect to Rani Laxmibai annexation of Jhansi Annexation of Awadh...

INDIAN HISTORY AT A GLANCE Doctrine of Lapse Lord Dalhousie Disrespect to Nana Saheb pension denied Disrespect to Bahadur Shah no Red fort/no titles Disrespect to Rani Laxmibai annexation of Jhansi Annexation of Awadh Lord Dalhousie Subsidiary Alliance Lord Wellesley Political Causes of 1857 Revolt a. Doctrine of Lapse b. Disrespect to Nana Saheb c. Disrespect to Bahadur Shah d. Disrespect to Rani Laxmibai e. Annexation of Awadh f. Subsidiary Alliance Economic Causes of 1857 Revolt a. Unemployment b. Poverty c.Tax on farmers d. Indigo Cultivation e. Drain of wealth f. Raw material cheap rates g. Finished goods high price Socio Religious Causes of 1857 Revolt a. social customs (ban on sati, female infanticide, child marriage, introduce widow remarriage) b. Christian Missionaries c. Tax on temples and mosques d. position of Pundits and Maulvis reduced e. General Service Enlistment Act Military Causes of 1857 Revolt a. Low Salaries b. No promotion beyond Subedar c. General Service Enlistment Act d. no extra allowances like Bhatta e. ill fed, ill housed f. not allowing any religious customs like tilak or beard Immediate Cause Enfield Rifle First one to revolt against Enfield rifle Mangal Pandey First Viceroy Lord Canning Last Viceroy Lord Mountbatten Press (newspapers) Amrit Bazar Patrika, Times of India, Bengalee, Maratha, Kesari Reform Movements Brahmo Samaj and SatyaShodhak Samaj Brahmo Samaj Raja Ram Mohan Roy SatyaShodhak Samaj Jyotiba Phule Raja Ram Mohan Roy Introduction of Widow remarriage and Ban on Sati, child marriage Father of Indian Renaissance Raja Ram Mohan Roy Prophet of Indian Raja Ram Mohan Roy Nationalism Papers of Raja Samwad Kaumudi and Mirat ul Ram Mohan Roy Pioneer of Akbar Raja Ram Mohan Roy Indian Journalism Book by Gifto to monotheists (one Raja Ram Mohan Roy God) Brahmo Samaj and Association by Raja Ram Mohan Roy Atmiya Sabha Jyotiba Phule First school for girls removal of Untouchability Book by Jyotiba Phule Gulamgiri Pre cursors of Indian National Congress Indian Association and (INC) East India Association Indian Association Surendranath Banerjee East India Association Dadbhai Naoroji Set up of Indian National Congress (INC) Allen Octavian Hume (A O Hume) President of the First Session of Indian Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee (W C National Banerjee) Congress (INC) Place of the First Session of Indian National Bombay(Mumbai) Congress (INC) President of the Second Session of Indian Dadabhai Naoroji National Congress (INC) Place of the Second Session of Calcutta (Kolkatta) Indian National Congress (INC) Objectives of INC Unity, public opinion and demands Two wings/phases of INC Early Nationalists Phase (Moderates) Assertive Nationalists (Radicals) Methods of Early Nationalists Phase Petitions, Plea, (Moderates) prayers, peaceful protests, meetings, speeches, memorandums, pamphlets, demonstrations, deputations to British Aim or Objective of Early Nationalists Phase Dominion status or (Moderates) Self government Methods of Assertive Nationalists (Radicals) Boycott, Swadeshi National education , Mass movement Revivalism, passive resistance, Self reliance, personal sacrifices Aim or Objective of Assertive Nationalists Complete Independence or (Radicals) Poorna swaraj Early Nationalists leaders (called Dadabhai Naoroji moderates) Gopal Krishna Gokhale Surendranath Banerjee Grand Old Man of India Dadabhai Elected President of INC Naoroji thrice Dadabhai Unofficial Ambassador of India in England Naoroji Drain Theory Dadabhai Book by Dadabhai Naoroji Naoroji Newspaper by Dadabhai Dadabhai Naoroji Naoroji Poverty and Unbritish rule in India Rast Goftar and Dharma Marg Darshak Political mentor/guru of Gandhi Gopal Krishna Gokhale Called C.I.E. (Companion of Indian Empire) Gopal Krishna Association by Gopal Krishna Gokhale Gokhale Servants of India Society  Father of Nationalist Movement Surendra Nath Newspaper by Surendra Nath Banerjee Bengalee Banerjee Book by Surendra Nath Nation in the Making Banerjee Surendra Nath Banerjee First Indian to qualify ICS exam Assertive Nationalists leaders (called Lal – Bal – Pal trio radicals) Lala Lajpat Rai Bal Gngadhar Tilak Bipinchandra Pal Called Punjab Kesari or Sher –e – Punjab or Lala Lajpat Rai Lion of Punjab Servants of People Association formed by Lala Lajpat Society National Rai Book by Lala Lajpat Rai Education Paper by Lala Lajpat Rai Young India, Punjabi, Vande Mataram(Urdu daily) and People(English weekly) Publications The Call to Young India, England’s debt to India, Political Future of India Father of Assertive Nationalism Bal Gangadhar Tilak Forerunner of Gandhi Bal Gangadhar Tilak Papers by Bal Gangadhar Tilak Maharatta in English and Kesari in Marathi Home rule Association by Bal Gangadhar Deccan Education Tilak Founded Society Poona New Organized shivaji and ganpati festivals for English School mass movement and nationalism Organised Lathi clubs and Akharas Bal Gangadhar Slogan by Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Tilak Book by Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gangadhar Tilak Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it Gita Rahasya and the Arctic home of Vedas Father of Revolutionary thought in Bipin Chandra Pal India Papers by Bipin Chandra Pal The New India, The Tribune Partition Of Bengal Lord Curzon Real reason for Partition Of Bengal Divide and rule and to break  nationalism Excuse for Partition Of Bengal Administrative efficiency Viceroy who agreed setting up Muslim Lord Minto League Deputation to Lord Minto Aga Khan Permanent President of Muslim League Aga Khan President of First Session of Muslim League Nawab Salimullah of Dacca Place of First Session of Muslim League Dacca Objectives of Muslim League Loyal to British, no hostility, check congress, present needs of Muslims, protect political rights of Muslims Mass Movements by Gandhiji Non Cooperation Movement Civil Disobedience Movement Quit India Movement Meaning of Mass movement All sections of society(men, women, children, farmers, rulers,artisans) Objectives of Non Cooperation Self govt Movement Annulment of Rowlatt Act Restore position of Calipha/Sultan of Turkey Session where Non Cooperation Nagpur Session Movement was adopted Causes of Non Cooperation Movement Rowlatt Act Jallianwala Baug Khilafat Movement Rowlatt Act Black Act Arrest without reason and without warrant, in camera trial, suspend Habeas Corpus Rowlatt Act headed by Justice Rowlatt Jallianwala Baug Punjab, Amritsar Why gathered at Jallianwala Baug Protest against arrest of leaders like Satya Pal and Kitchule Jallianwala Baug General Dyer Renounced knighthood after Rabindranath Tagore Jallianwala Baug tragedy gave up the medal of Kaiser-i-Hind Mahatma Gandhi Khilafat Movement Ali brothers Mohd Ali, Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hazrat Mohani, Hakim Ajmal Khan Reason for Khilafat Movement Sultan of Turkey was Muslim head called Calipha After war position of Calipha was not restored Khilafat Movement supported by Unity between Hindus and Muslims Gandhi Programmes of Non Cooperation Positive and Negative Movement Positive programmes of Non Hindu/Muslim unity Cooperation Movement Abolition of untouchability Upliftment of women Swadeshi Setting up of national schools and colleges Negative programmes of Boycott Non Cooperation Boycott up of government schools and Movement colleges Boycott up of government offices Boycott up of government schools and colleges Boycott up of government medals and titles Why Non Cooperation Movement Chauri Chaura incident withdrawn/called off/suspended Poice station burnt and 22 policemen killed Impact of Non Cooperation Hindu/Muslim unity Movement Abolition of untouchability Mass movement Swadeshi Bold, Patriotism, nationalism, sacrifice, confidence among Indians Causes of Civil Disobedience Simon Commission (All White Commission) Movement Lahore Session of Congress Session of Congress that Madras Session boycotted Simon Commission President Dr Ansari Why was Simon Commission Only 7 British members boycotted No Indian representative Chairman of Simon Commission Sir John Simon How was Simon Commission Hartals, Black flags protested Slogans of Simon go Back The Indian leader who lost life Lala Lajpat Rai during protest of Simon Commission President of Lahore Session Jawaharlal Nehru Significance of Lahore Session Resolution of Purna Swaraj passed 26 th January declared as Independence Day Event that commenced/began the Dandi March Civil Disobedience Movement From Sabarmati to coast of Dandi Dandi March also called Salt March Reason for Salt March Breaking the sat tax by picking up salt British had monopoly of Salt manufacture so it was taxed and Indians not allowed to manufacture salt. All sections of society used salt Programmes of Civil Swadeshi and Boycott Disobedience Movement Not to obey laws Not to pay taxes Meaning of Swadeshi Using goods made in one’s own country Symbol of Swadeshi Charkha/Khaadi Meaning of Satyagraha Satya means truth and agraha means insistence to hold fast Suffering willingly but not to submit to wrong Resist evil but not to hate evil doer Does not use violence Why Civil Disobedience Gandhi Irwin Pact Movement withdrawn/called off/suspended Gandhi Irwin Pact  Gandhi suspends CDM  Congress attends Second Round Table Conference  Irwin allows manufacture of Salt  Irwin releases political prisoners if not guilty Second Round Table Conference London Gandhi attended as representative of Congress It was failure Narrow objectives were discussed No discussion about India’s Independence Impact of Civil Hindu/Muslim Disobedience unity Mass Movement movement Swadeshi Bold, Patriotism, nationalism, sacrifice, confidence among Indians Popularized new methods like prabhat pheris, pamphlets Groups were formed like Vanar sena for boys and Manjari Sena for girls Women participated Where was Quit India Resolution Wardha session adopted Causes of Quit India Movement Failure of Cripps Mission Japan’s threat Failure of Cripps Mission It involved partitioning Giving Dominion status after war Gandhi described it as ‘post dated cheque of a failing bank’ Japan’s threat Japan against British/England in 2d World War Till British in India , Japan might attack India So British should Quit India Slogan by Gandhiji during QIM Do or Die  Political party formed by Forward Bloc Subhash Chandra Bose Objectives of Forward Bloc Liberate India Socialistic society Abolition of zamindari New credit or monetary system Create a rival govt Idea of Indian National Mohan Singh Army(INA) was conceived by Country that helped INA Japan Invited Subhash Chandra Bose Rashbihari Bose to lead INA Supreme Commander in Chief of Subhash Chandra Bose INA Objectives of INA/Azad Hind Mobilize money and man power against Fauj British Mobilize forces Fight with modern weapons and create Armed Revolution Motto of INA Unity, Faith, Sacrifice Contribution of Subhash Supreme Commander in Chief of INA Chandra Bose Formed Forward Bloc Was elected President of INC Slogans by Subhash Chandra Give me blood and I shall give you freedom Bose Chalo Delhi Jai Hind Who sent Lord Mountbatten to Clement Attlee India Why was Lord Mountbatten sent Transfer of power to India Provisions or clauses of  India and Pakistan created Mountbatten Plan  Boundary Commission to demarcate boundaries  Constituent Assembly  Princely States can join India or Pakistan or remain independent  Sylhet , Sind, North West Frontier Province(NWFP) can use plebiscite or referendum to decide  Transfer of power by 15th August 1947 Why Mountbatten Plan accepted There were Communal riots To avoid Civil war Better to have small India with strong centre rather than big India wit weak centre. Due to differences between Congress and Muslim League. Muslim League had joined Interim government but to obstruct. They wanted India to be secular and democratic Mountbatten Plan was accepted Indian Independence Act of 1947 and it became Provisions or clauses of  India and Pakistan created Indian Independence Act  Boundary Commission to demarcate boundaries of 1947  Constituent Assembly  Governor General for each country to be appointed  Office of Secretary of State to be abolished  Treaties and agreements would cease/end  Provisions made for distributing army and assets  Princely States can join India or Pakistan or remain independent  Sylhet , Sind, North West Frontier Province(NWFP) can use plebiscite or referendum to decide  Authority of British Parliament would end from 15th August 1947 First Governor General of Lord Mountbatten Free India First Governor General C Rajagopalachari of Indian origin First Governor General of Mohammed Ali Jinnah Pakistan First President of Indian Dr Rajendra Prasad Republic First Prime Minister of free Jawaharlal Nehru India