WWI Notes December 2024 PDF

1 Imperialism and WWI Notes 12/10 - America draws closer to WAR! Why did we remain neutral? ○ Monroe Doctrine ○ We can sell to whoever we want ○ Most immigrants came from Europe ○ Preside...

1 Imperialism and WWI Notes 12/10 - America draws closer to WAR! Why did we remain neutral? ○ Monroe Doctrine ○ We can sell to whoever we want ○ Most immigrants came from Europe ○ President: Woodrow Wilson ○ We were supportive of a war that would draw us in and wouldn’t benefit How did we go to war? ○ The threat of German U-Boats in international waters ○ 1. Cultural links - Few Americans were truly neutral. But the USA traced its roots to Britain and had a democratic system. Jews fled to US for safety and would change to Germans this would be because of Hitler ○ 2. Propaganda - The allies controlled the transAtlantic cable. All the news from Europe portrayed the Central Powers in a negative way : Mass prejudice against “Huns” ( German soldiers) Worked closely with newspapers and animation companies Produced more posters than any other country “Food is ammunition - don’t waste it” “Save food for world relief” ○ because soldiers were dying from not eating food The food posters and any poster was for the war effort. ○ Choosing sides: Allies: close cultural ties Big business loaned much $ to allies (Great Britain, France, Russia, Japan,) Central Powers: 11 million German Americans Irish Americans hated Great Britain (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey), ○ 3. Economic Ties ○ 4. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Originally- Germany blockaded Britain’s ports from attaining ended war supplies and goods U boats attacked British merchant marine ships, cruise liners, etc NO RESTRICTIONS due to the fact they could carry ammunition and supplies May 1915 - Lusitania Made many Americans riled up WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  2 1916 - Sussex hit Result: Sussex Pledge ○ 5. Zimmerman Telegram Germany attempts to invoke Mexico in the War. The Mexicans are promised territories lost to America for involving America in a two front war.p Intercepted by British decoders Angers Americans again Mexico declines ○ 6. The Russian Revolution Russian soldiers desert the frontlines Tzar family is executed Russia leaves the war Nov 1917 - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Relieved the two sided war of Germany ○ Peace Without Victory Wilson asks the warring powers to accept a “Peace without victory” (rejected by both sides) Congress declares war on 12/11 - The US Enters the War On this day in history… Germany declared war on the United States of America in 1941. Do Now 1. What were the causes of The Great War in Europe? Militarism Alliances Nationalism WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  3 Imperialism Assassination 2. Considering the U.S. and World War I, what issue is the cartoon to the left highlighting? The cartoon to the left is highlighting the German use of unrestricted submarine warfare and the U.S. slowly losing patience. 3. What is the name of the telegram displayed on the right? The name of the telegram displayed on the right is the Zimmerman Telegram. 4. What was the purpose of the telegram? Germany proposes an alliance to Mexico to fight a two way war against the U.S. If they win, Mexico will get all the land lost in the Treaty of 1848(Mexican-American War) 5. Based on your own inference and America’s relationship with certain countries, why else did many in the U.S. support the Allies over the Central Powers? The French were our first allies, the British gave us the English language and other traditions 6. Prior to entering the war Woodrow Wilson called upon the fighting powers to accept a “Peace Without Victory.” What do you think he meant? He means to everyone that they should all go home, considering the amount of people lost vs. the land gained. 7. During the war something happened in Russia that would greatly affect the fighting and the United States. Based on the World Wide Web, what was it? The Russian Revolution and Russia tried to just leave the war when the US declared war. This put more weight on the US, and the battles in Europe because Germany can focus their attention and army on Western Europe. Lesson Notes The US Enters the War Posters were made in multiple languages Fuel Administration - Made sure that we had enough to fight ○ Coal was the main fuel May 18, 1917- the Selective Service Act aka the draft WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  4 4,800,000 soldiers by the end of the war ○ Including 400,00 African American soldiers We build NO trenches! 12/12 - The War and the Homefront Do Now 1. Data from the graph above supports the conclusion that World War I A. caused the United States trade deficit to increase. B. cost the United States many billions of dollars. C. was a significant benefit to the American economy. D. created an unfavorable balance of trade. Lesson Notes Women of War ○ Took the jobs of many men like delivering ice ○ In many instances, there were many that pretended to be men The Harlem Hell Fighters ○ A large group of individuals which were called Hell fighters which were produced from the French, fought in the French army. WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  5 ○ Highly decorated for the French ○ President Wilson warned the French about “ laziness and untrustworthy” of the African American people ○ Left out of the victorious praise Croix de Guerre (Cross of Honor) ○ the 369th infantry regiment and 15th infantry regiment were the first awarded ○ Served for 191 days without stopping Freedom of Speech during the War ○ Congress passes laws making it a crime to criticize the government or interfere with the war Espionage Act of 1917: still exists Sedition Act of 1918 ○ March 3, 1919 - Schenck v. United States Clear and present danger “Don’t yell ‘Fire’ in a crowded theater” ○ Anti-German Hysteria Banned the teaching of the German language We would change the name of food so it wouldn’t be connected to other countries People often resorted to violence ○ Changing names Sour Krout to Liberty cabbage John Pershing was the leader of the American Expeditionary Force ○ A separate American force that took orders only from American Generals Battle of Argonne Forest ○ Final battle of the war ○ 20,000 Americans died ○ Game Over ○ November 3, 1918 - Austria-Hungary surrenders ○ November 11, 1918 - Germany surrenders ○ Treaty of Versailles (Formally ends the war) WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  6 12/13 - WWI: The Aftermath Do Now 1. According to the poster, Waste Nothing refers to what specifically? Waste nothing refers to the practice of not wasting any food during WWI because the soldiers need it as “ammunition”. Also made people feel they were doing something 2. Why do you assume the Food Administration asked people to plant Victory Gardens during the war? The Food Administration asked people to plant Victory Gardens during the war because families could grow their own food because of the limited food supply. It was also a propaganda message. 3. The War Industries Board dealt with production, what do you think the War Labor Board was responsible for? The War Labor Board was responsible for resolving labor disputes and recruiting people by putting up posters in multiple languages. 4. Who is the target audience in the Beware of Female Spies poster? Why? The target audience in the “Beware of Female Spies” poster were naval soldiers and civilians who worked in ports. The posters warned them to keep their mouths shut. 5. Look up the Espionage Act - 1917 and the Sedition Act – 1918. What was their purpose and why did the U.S. government pass them? WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  7 The U.S government passed these acts because their purpose was to prevent the spread of misinformation or even true information to non-allies to prevent advantages rising in the enemy countries. (Related to Schenk v US) Lesson Notes The Big four ○ Woodrow Wilson, and other world leaders(France, Italy, Britain) ○ 3 of 4 disagreed to peace without victory Versailles ○ The French city where the Treaty of Versailles was signed and ended the war The Treaty of Versailles ○ Peace Without Victory ○ The Fourteen Points An end to secret agreements Free trade - freedom of the seas Self-determination: People can choose where they live The League of Nations An organization of countries that sat to negotiate. Similar to the United Nations. The U.S. never joined because Congress feared that it would rob their power. The War Guilt Clause (Treaty of Versailles) ○ Three of the big four wanted to destroy Germany ○ Both German and Russia lost land ○ German pays a huge amounts of war reparation money (269 BILLION GOLD MARKS) ○ Germany is disarmed. Land lost. ○ Germany must pay reparations ○ Self-Determination - New countries formed ○ Germany must pay war reparations ○ Germany accepts full responsibility (no choice) ○ League of Nations formed (see above for more information) ○ Yugoslavia (all countries and nationalities come together in one country) ○ B.R.A.T - Blame, reparations, armed forces, territory America Opt Out ○ Many Americans oppose the Peace Treaty Too soft on the defeated powers German Americans felt it went too far Isolationists wanted the USA out of the league Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge - Leader of opposition ○ Treaty is rejected WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  8 12/16 - WWI: The Aftermath Do Now True or the Opposite of True State whether each statement is true or false. If false, provide the correct statement. 1. The only cause of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. T / F The causes of WWI were militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism and assassination. 2. At the battle of Verdun, Britain and France held back the German advance on Paris. T / F 3. As the war raged on, the Germans were also fighting the Russians on the Eastern Front. T / F 4. When the war began in Europe, the US remained neutral, and supplied only the allies. T / F The U.S. supplied both the Central and Allied Powers. 5. When a U-boat sunk the Lusitania, the United States declared war on Germany almost immediately. T / F The United States declared war on Germany in 1917, about 2 years after the sinking of the Lusitania. 6. Woodrow Wilson supported the Russian Revolution because the communists would bring democracy. T / F Wilson thought the Revolution would bring democracy; however it ended up being communist again. 7. The Food Administration encouraged Americans to plant “Victory Gardens” to help ration food supplies. T/F 8. The War Industries Board dealt with workers and preventing strikes. T / F The War Labor Board dealt with workers and preventing strikes. While the war industry board dealt with what was produced 9. To fill the jobs left by the soldiers, many African Americans moved North in the Great Migration. T/F 10. The Espionage and Sedition Acts were struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court. T / F This statement is false as the U.S. Supreme Court sided with the U.S. in the case of Schenck v U.S. WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  9 11. Tanks and Zeppelins were very ineffective during WWI. T / F 12. When the U.S. Army arrived in France they quickly dug entrenchments alongside their allies. T / F The U.S. dug no trenches. 13. The Armistice was signed on the 11th hour of the 12th day of the 11th month. T / F The Armistice was signed on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. 14. Woodrow Wilson believed all people should have the right of self-determination. T / F 15. After the peace treaty, Bosnia was taken over by Serbia. T / F Serbia didn’t exist, the balkans were united in a country called Yugoslavia. 16. Germany was made to accept full responsibility for the war, and pay huge reparations to the allies. T / F 17. Only two new countries were formed in Europe after the War. T / F Lithuania, Yugoslavia, and more 18. Isolationists in the U.S. believed the League of Nations would keep the country out of future wars. T / F Isolationists believed that they should keep out of treaties and allies. They wanted to change the charter 19. The U.S. Senate never ratified the Treaty of Versailles. T / F 20. The Balkans have been a peaceful locale ever since the end of WWI. T / F Lesson Notes The number of men who died exceeded 9 million. Death Percentages ○ Entente military: 36% USA ○ 53,402 Battle Deaths ○ 63,114 other deaths - non battle (diseases, starving to death, etc.) ○ $22 billion spent on the war effort Long Term Effects WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  10 ○Economic impact of War debts on Europe ○Emergence of USA and Japan as major powers ○Growth of nationalism in colonies ○Rise of Facism ○World War II - The treaty of Versailles led small seeds that would grow into bigger conflicts The Costs of War ○ 26 million deaths ○ 20 million wounded ○ Economic Cost of WWI: 350 billion Connections to Today ○ Ethnic tensions in the Balkans ○ International agreement banning poison gas ○ Use of airplanes and submarines for military purposes grew significantly ○ Arab - Israeli Conflict ○ Yugoslavia dissolves into multiple separate countries ○ The destruction of Louvain, Belgium 12/17 - Review Sheet Today in history: 1903 - First human flight in North Carolina at 10:35 a.m. Do Now Speech on the Treaty of Versailles (April 17, 1923) With the armistice begins the humiliation of Germany. If the Republic on the day of its foundation had appealed to the country: Germans, stand together! Up and resist the foe! The Fatherland, the Republic expects of you that you fight to your last breath, then millions who are now enemies of the Republic would be fanatical Republicans. Today they are the foes of the Republic not because it is a Republic but because this Republic was founded at the moment when Germany was humiliated, because it so discredited the new flag that men's eyes must turn regretfully toward the old flag. So long as this Treaty stands there can be no resurrection of the German people; no social reform of any kind is possible! The Treaty was made in order to bring 20 million Germans to their deaths and to ruin the German nation. But those who made the Treaty cannot set it aside. As its foundation our Movement formulated three demands: 1. Setting aside from the Peace Treaty. 2. Unification of all Germans. 3. Land and soil [Grund und Boden] to feed our nation. WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  11 Our movement could formulate these demands, since it was not our Movement which caused the War, it has not made the Republic, it did not sign the Peace Treaty. There is thus one thing which is the first task of this Movement: it desires to make the German once more National, that his Fatherland shall stand for him above everything else. It desires to teach our people to understand afresh the truth of the old saying: He who will not be a hammer must be an anvil. An anvil we are today, and that anvil will be beaten until out of the anvil we fashion once more a hammer, a German sword! 1. How does the individual giving this speech feel about the Treaty of Versailles? How do you know? The individual giving this speech feels that this treaty humiliates the German people and that it strips the German of their culture. 2. According to the speaker, why was the treaty made? The reason for it getting made was because it brought 20 million Germans to their death. 3. What is the speaker’s ultimate goal? The speaker’s ultimate goal is to revive Germany again and restore it to its former glory as a global power and the unification of all Germans. See above for direct details. 4. Imagine that you are a German living in Germany in 1923. Knowing what you know about the Treaty of Versailles, would you have agreed with what the speaker had to say? Explain. Yes, I would have agreed with what the speaker had to say because the Treaty stripped us of our freedom and rights. T No, I would not have agreed with what the speaker had to say because it was our fault. Don’t type below this line or edit it unless you are answering a question. Quiz Study Guide IMPORTANT: PLEASE… do not edit any question that hasn’t been covered in class. Additionally, 😁 please, if you are going to answer a question, only use the color black. Thank you and hopefully this study guide helps you prepare for the test What you need to use. WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  12 A. Notes. B. Any homework assignments. C. Class handouts. D. Discussion material. Questions to ponder. 1. Why did the U.S. seek imperial gain at the end of the 19th century? The U.S. seeked imperial gain at the end of the 19th century because the U.S. wanted natural resources and new markets. They wanted naval bases to protect the U.S. and its merchant fleet. 2. What caused war with Spain and what were the results? The sinking of the USS Maine and the deaths of the soldiers which would be because of the US ships sinking. The Spanish military was outmatched which made the USA have the pacific power 3. Why did the U.S. want an Open Door Policy in China? What is a Sphere of Influence? They wanted to have trade with China and also have equal privileges. Sphere of influence: when a country has development authority over another country but no formal authority. 4. How did Teddy Roosevelt get his way in Latin America? What was his Corollary? Start answer here. 5. M.A.N.I.A. – What does it mean? Why is each initial a cause of war in Europe? Militarism - Countries Alliances - Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Rumania ) and Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russian Empire Union of Soviet Socialist Republic), An agreement/pact/treaty between two or more countries Nationalism - Citizens Imperialism - Conquer! Expansion Assassination - Serbian guy assassinate archduke of Austria-Hungary(Franz Ferdinand) 6. Finish this sentence: With trenches the war now broke into a deadly stalemate. 7. Describe trench warfare and provide examples. Trench warfare is a form of war where both sides dig down to form a network of tunnels. The land between is called no-man’s land, an area battered by guns and ammunition. Occasionally troops would “go over the top” and try to get as far as possible, however even after months or a year, neither side would have moved more than a mile. What examples are very long wars, deadly and little gain of land. WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  13 8. Describe the new weapons unleashed and developed during WWI. Weapons of WWI New Weapons: Uses, Powers, Faults: Poisonous Gas Poisonous Gas: - used to inflict suffering and to cause a significant amount of battle casualties - Freaked people out, the fear factor Chlorine Gas - would but liquids into your lungs and you would slowly drown and die - No going back Mustard Gas - caused severe blisters Small War Airplanes War Airplanes: - used for air bombings and control of the skies Hand Grenades Hand Grenades: - Small hand held bombs that detonated when thrown and kills people - Portable, explosive, easy to use - Different versions of them Machine Guns Machine Guns: - A new type of gun that rapidly fired bullets - Invented in 1884 - Had many parts, could break down - Had many failures - Heated up and up and could jam the gun or make it unfireable or deflect the path of the bullets - Had huge ammunition Shotgun: - you can have dozens upon dozens - You can hit more than one person - More portable - Overheated Tanks Tanks: - Large war machines controlled by a Created by William Tritton crew of soldiers and shot large caliber projectiles WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  14 M1 abrams goes 42 miles per hour it has 1 - Minivans (equipped with a 100 lb cannon cannon) are better. - Slow - Failures - Anti-tank mines Todays tanks - Faster(42 mph) - Stronger - Larger - More armor - Radar and more advanced technology - McClintock Bangalore Torpedo McClintock Bangalore Torpedo: Barbed wire destruction rod grenade - clearing ground and defenses/obstructions BL 6-inch gun Mk V BL 6_inch bun Mk V: - Used as a anti naval passage Barely Liftable 6-ton gun monkey king veil Submarines Submarines: Super unit by my ancestors rather in Northern - Used mainly by Germany to destroy Europe since enemy ships. Called U-BOATS. (Unbelievably-Obese Aryan Teenage UNTERSEEBOOT!! Students) that’s racist - 4 tubes and (atp) one ( by Rosé) deck gun - it was u20 and was 210 feet long - It had 4 tubes and one deck gun - Had a top speed of 9.5knots underwater - Ran the ship with a motor instead of an engine Zeppelins An airship used by the Germans for bombing raids Big Elongated Balloons that were easily shot WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  15 down by ground units. - The man that built these spent his entire fortune on something g that wasn’t even that useful. Bigslow moving and giant ships Flachmine 17 Flachmine 17: - Used as an anti tank measure Flamethrower Flamethrower: - Equipped to soldiers, included a face mask, flame tank, and a flamethrowers Was very dangerous and often exploded during use. Shotgun Shotgun: - Used in the trenches 9. While neutral since 1914, what were the causes of the U.S. entry into the Great War? The Zimmerman telegram was one reason while the other main reason was the German ( U- boat/ UNTERSEEBOOT) submarine attacks. 10. What was Wilson trying to achieve by seeking “Peace without victory?” “Peace without victory” refers to the idea that soldiers in Europe stop fighting each other and go home. He implied that the war had dragged on for way too long, and that millions of people lost their lives over little territorial gain, usually less than a mile, sometimes only hundreds of yards. Wilson was trying to prevent American soldiers from entering Europe to fight the war as it would cause the deaths of many Americans, money and resources. 11. Why was Russia’s treaty with Germany a detriment to the Allied cause? Germany could now focus on all its resources on the Western front. 12. Describe the VARIOUS ways the USA prepared for war on the Home Front: i. Food Administration - boosted the food production and motivated the public to conserve and not waste food. They had ideas such as planting victory gardens. ii. War Industries Board - instructed the factories and what they should produce and divided the limited resources iii. War Labor Board - prevented strikes and recruited workers iv. Committee on Public Information v. Selective Service Administration WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.  16 13. Who commanded U.S. troops in Europe? Why did the U.S. “dig no trenches?” General John J. Pershing commanded U.S. troops in Europe. The U.S. didn’t dig any trenches because the U.S felt that trenches wouldn’t do anything. The allies and the central powers had been fighting each other for three years in trenches and hadn’t made much progress. We didn’t want the war to drag on in the same way when we joined. 14. How and why did the Gov’t silence anti-war pamphlets and protests? The espionage act limited free speech with precedent from Schenk v US. To prevent people from stop others from going to war. 15. Describe the significance of the Armistice and Wilson’s Fourteen Points. The fourteen points were Wilson’s plan for peace without victory. Some of the points included an end to secret agreements and free trade. The most important one for Wilson was the League of Nations which he tried to create to put an end to all wars, the League of Nations failed. The other major allied nations were against letting off the Germans and didn’t share his view of peace without victory. They created the treaty of Versailles which disarmed Germany and made them pay huge reparations. This angered the Germans. 16. Why did the U.S. fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? What were the concerns? The U.S failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because the U.S. feared that it would rob their power. They also didn’t want to be in alliances 17. What were the long-term effects of World War I? Long terms effects of WWI: - The seeds of World War II were sown - Shell shocked, wounded soldiers - The League of Nations, later United Nations - Ruined buildings - Emergence of US and Japan as global superpowers - Cold War? - Rise of the NoNo party in Germany 18. How can WWI be connected to world events of today? WWI Notes and Study Guide 2024. Co-Collaborated by Daniel Liu and Trevor Lee. Please ask for permission before sharing this document.