New Words of Environmental and Societal Considerations PDF

**NEW WORDS of Environmental and Societal Considerations** - **Extract:** verb, formal, **TAKE OUT** › to take something out, especially using force - **Mining:** madencilik - **Drilling:** sondaj yapma - **Harvesting:** Biçme - **Refine:** verb, **MAKE PURE** › to make a substanc...

**NEW WORDS of Environmental and Societal Considerations** - **Extract:** verb, formal, **TAKE OUT** › to take something out, especially using force - **Mining:** madencilik - **Drilling:** sondaj yapma - **Harvesting:** Biçme - **Refine:** verb, **MAKE PURE** › to make a substance pure by removing other substances from it - **Bulk:** Kütle - **Constitute:** verb, to be or form something - **Assembly: BUILD** › when you build something by joining parts together - **Obsolete:** adjective › not used now: obsolete equipment (modası geçmiş, artık kullanılmayan) - **Virtually:** adverb › almost: They\'re virtually the same. - **Relative to sth:** › when compared to something else: *The economy has been declining relative to other countries.* - **to a/some degree:** › [partly](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/?q=partly): To some degree I [think](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/?q=think) that\'s [right](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/?q=right), but there are other [factors](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/?q=factors) which [affect](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/?q=affect) the [situation](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/?q=situation). - **Measure: önlem, tedbir** - **Traverse:** (kat etmek) to move or travel through an area: *Moving sidewalks traverse the airport*. - **Expel: FORCE SOMETHING OUT** formal › to force air, gas, or liquid out of something: Slowly expel all the air from your lungs. - **dispose of sth:** › to get rid of something, especially by throwing it away - **discard:** › to throw something away: *discarded food wrappers* - **dump:** atmak - **land-fill:** katı atık sahası - **Provision**: **Koşul, şart, RULE** › a rule that is part of a law or an agreement - **to make provision for smth**: önlem almak, düzenleme yapmak - **Obviate: önlemek, üstesinden gelmek,** verb formal › to [remove](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=remove) a [difficulty](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=difficulty), [especially](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=especially) so that [action](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=action) to [deal](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=deal) with it [becomes](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=becomes) [unnecessary](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=unnecessary): *A [peaceful](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=peaceful) [solution](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=solution) would obviate the need to [send](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=send) a UN [military](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=military) [force](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=force)*. // To bypass a requirement or make it unnecessary - *\"The internet has largely obviated printed phone books.\"* - **Conserve:** korumak - **Counterpart:** noun › someone or something that has the same job or position as someone or something in a different place or organization (muadili) - **Issue: konu, sorun, mesele, PROBLEM** › an important subject or problem that people are discussing: *political issues* - **Mandate:** verb **(GIVE PERMISSION)** › to give [official](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=official) [permission](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=permission) for something to [happen](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=happen) - **Incumbent:** zorunlu - **Viable:** yapılabilir, uygulanabilir, effective and able to be successful: *a viable alternative to nuclear power; an economically viable plan* - **Concern: WORRY** › to worry or upset someone: *What really concerns me is her lack of experience.* - **Wherein:** adverb formal › in which - **Confront: DEAL WITH** › to see that a problem exists and try to deal with it: *First, they must confront their addiction.* - **Dilemma:** › when you have to make a difficult choice between two things you could do: She\'s still **in a dilemma about** whether she should go or not. - **Trade-off:** Bir şeyi kazanmak için başka bir şeyden fedakarlık etme;  a situation where you accept something bad in order to have something good: *There\'s always **a trade-off between** speed and quality.* - **Assess:** değer biçmek; verb › to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc of something: *The tests are designed to assess a child\'s reading skills.* - **Assessment: değerlendirme** - **Quantify:** verb › to measure or state the amount of something: *It is difficult to quantify the damage that this storm has caused.* - **Disposition:** yaradılış, eğilim, tavır, noun › the type of character someone has: *a **cheerful/nervous disposition*** - **Ultimate: esas, son** › final or most important: *the ultimate aim/solution* - **Criterion**: (plural criteria) › a fact or level of quality that you use when making a choice or decision: *We have strict criteria for deciding which students will receive a grant.* - **Deteriorate**: verb › to become worse: *Her condition deteriorated rapidly.* - **Hazard**: something that is dangerous: *a **fire hazard** a **health hazard*** - **Feasible: yapılabilir, mümkün** › possible to do: *a feasible plan* [\[+ to do sth\]](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/codes.html); *It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?* - **Diminish: azalmak** › to become less, or to make something become less: *Your pain should diminish gradually after taking these tablets.* - **Dismantling:** sökme, parçalarına ayırma - **Shredding (n)/ Shred:** to tear or cut something into small, thin pieces: *shredded cabbage* - **In this/that regard**: › in this [particular](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=particular) way - **Ingenious:**› (of a [person](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=person)) very [clever](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=clever) and [skilful](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=skilful), or (of a thing) [cleverly](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=cleverly) made or [planned](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=planned) and [involving](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=involving) new [ideas](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=ideas) and [methods](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=methods): *an ingenious [idea](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=idea)/[method](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=method)/[solution](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=solution)* - **Bolting: civatalama** - **Riveting:** perçinlemek (iki ya da daha çok parçayı, karşılıklı bölümlerini birbiri üzerinde ezerek birleştirmek). - **Cladding:** › [material](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=material) that [covers](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=covers) the [surface](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=surface) of something and [protects](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=protects) it - **Render**: **(CAUSE)**[ ](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/render_1?q=render) formal, to [cause](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=cause) someone or something to be in a [particular](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=particular) [state](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=state): [\[+ adj\]](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/codes.html) *His [rudeness](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=rudeness) rendered me [speechless](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=speechless)*. *New [technology](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=technology) has rendered my [old](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=old) [computer](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=computer) [obsolete](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=obsolete).* - **Reclaimed:** geri kazanmak, to [treat](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=treat) [waste](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=waste) [materials](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=materials) in [order](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=order) to get [useful](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=useful) [materials](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=materials), such as [glass](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=glass) or [paper](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=paper), that can be used again - **Accommodate:** sağlamak, HELP › to do what someone wants, often by providing them with something: *He requires special equipment and, where possible, we\'ve accommodated those needs.* - **Incinerator:** A furnace for burning wastes under controlled conditions - **Residue: (noun),** something that remains after most of a substance has gone or been removed: *The machine sucks up the water but leaves a muddy residue.* - **Soda ash: industrial grade sodium carbonate** - **Salvaged:** to save things from a place where other things have been damaged or lost: *gold coins salvaged from a shipwreck* - **Cullet:** hurda cam - **Amber:** kehribar rengi - **Liability:** TROUBLE [\[no plural\]](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/codes.html) › someone or something that is likely to cause you a lot of trouble: *Wherever we go she upsets someone - she\'s a real liability.* - **Junk:** informal› old things which have little value - **Durables:** [goods](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=goods) that last a [long](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=long) [time](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=time) and are not [intended](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=intended) to be [bought](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=bought) very often, such as [televisions](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=televisions) and [cars](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=cars) (dayanıklı tüketim malları) - **Amenable:** uyumlu, willing to do or accept something: *She may be more amenable to the idea now.* - **Reclamation:** the [treatment](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=treatment) of [waste](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=waste) [materials](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=materials) to get [useful](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=useful) [materials](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=materials) from them - **Challenge:** (the [situation](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=situation) of being [faced](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=faced) with) something that [needs](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=needs) [great](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=great) [mental](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=mental) or [physical](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=physical) [effort](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=effort) in [order](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=order) to be done [successfully](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=successfully) and [therefore](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=therefore) [tests](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=tests) a person\'s [ability](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=ability): *[Finding](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=Finding) a [solution](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=solution) to this [problem](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=problem) is one of the [greatest](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=greatest) challenges [faced](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=faced) by [scientists](http://dictionary.cambridge.org/search/british/direct/?q=scientists) today.* - **Mud flap:** Kamyon vs. taşıtlarda tekerleğin taş, çamur atmasını önleyen ve tekerlek arkalarına takılan lastik veya plastikten yapılmış araç - **Recapped: lastik kaplamak** - **Chunk: piece** - **Inherently: doğal olarak, doğasında**