World Literature BS PSYCH Finals Review PDF

WORLD LITERATURE BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER HIS GUIDE Lost inside a dark wood...

WORLD LITERATURE BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER HIS GUIDE Lost inside a dark wood END Note: This reviewer is exclusively for the students of the Ascended to the highest level of heaven: The Empyrean Psychology Department at OLFU-QC. Kindly refrain from He is guided by the Roman Poet; Virgil, who represents sharing this material outside the program or the the epitome of human knowledge, from the dark wood university, as it constitutes our intellectual property. through the descending nine circles of the pit of Hell Thank you. (inferno), where his journey in the afterlife begins. Disclaimer: We disclaim any responsibility if the content DANTE’S HELL of this reviewer does not appear in the actual exam. According to Dante, Hell is a step towards paradise, and Please refer to your professor's materials, such as where evil receives punishment according to God’s textbooks or presentation slides, for further information. justice. He views Hell as reasonable, for the eternal torment was for individuals who failed to reject deeds or values that are universally considered as evil. ***ppt based Structurally, Hell is an inverted cone or funnel that plummets to the center of Earth in 9 rings. Topic Outline: The rings diminish until the center of the Earth, reaching Topic I THE DIVINE COMEDY the deepest part of Hell. Topic II ARABIAN NIGHTS Topic III DECAMERON, CANTERBURY TALES, DANTE’S INFERNO PARDONERS TALES 1. LIMBO Topic IV HEPTAMERON 2. LUSTFUL WEEK 13: THE DIVINE COMEDY 3. GLUTTONS ALLEGORY 4. GREEDY A literary device that uses symbolic figures, actions, and 5. WRATHFUL settings to convey a deeper meaning beyond the 6. HERETICS literal narrative. 7. VIOLENT This type of work is known for its complexity and depth, 8. FRAUDULENT as seen in Dante Alighieri’s writings, which are rich in 9. TREACHEROUS allegorical significance. Each ring is specially crafted for punishing a particular group of sinners they committed during life. Divine Comedy reflects the moral and spiritual journey of Some rings contain divisions of a specific form of the sin the author himself, as well as the struggles of humanity in general. with different punishments. The prime example of this is the 8th circle of hell, The DANTE’S DIVINE COMEDY: MEANING & SYMBOLISM Malebolge. Dante is depicted as someone who has a wide range of DANTE knowledge, from adding mathematical theories and Represents the human soul, lost, and confused, seeking famous historical figures, such as the adding the guidance and enlightenment. concept of infinity to the Divine and seeing Hellenistic VIRGIL figures in specific circles of Hell respectively. Represents reason, wisdom, and human guidance. Dante also incorporates different parts of Greek BEATRICE mythology into the Inferno, to the five rivers of the Represents divine love, grace, and spiritual Underworld, to the monsters found in several myths enlightenment, of hope. such as Cerberus, the three headed-hound. DARK FOREST The state of sin and the lost state of humanity. DANTE’S DIVINE COMEDY: A SCALE OF SIN & STRAIGHT ROAD PUNISHMENT Represents the path of righteousness and virtue. Dante Alighieri’s Inferno is a harrowing descent into the THE THREE BEASTS nine circles of Hell, each reserved for a different type Symbolize the three main temptations that plague of sin. humanity: The punishments inflicted upon the sinners are ○ Leopard - sins of fraud/malice meticulously designed to reflect the nature of their ○ Lion - sins of bestial violence and pride crimes, embodying the concept of “an eye for an eye, ○ She-wolf - sins of appetite/incontinence and a tooth for a tooth”. greed. START AND END OF DANTE’S JOURNEY START In his midlife  RP & CAS | 1 BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER ALLEGORICAL MEANING THE NINE CIRCLES OF HELL: A DESCENDING SCALE OF the journey of the soul towards God. Traversing through SIN Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso 1ST CIRCLE: LIMBO (Paradise/Heaven). This outermost circle houses unbaptized infants and This journey illustrates the consequences of sin, the virtuous pagans who lived before the birth of Christ. necessity of repentance, and the ultimate reward of While not technically sinners, they are denied the beatific divine grace. vision of God. 2ND CIRCLE: LUST DANTE’S PURGATORY Those who succumb to carnal desires are punished by a Dante’s Purgatorio, portrays Purgatory as the place violent storm that swirls them around endlessly. 3RD CIRCLE: wherein “the human spirit purges himself, and GLUTTONY climbing to Heavy makes himself worthy”. Gluttons are forced to lie in a foul-smelling swamp, Mount Purgatory, as it is called, is an island mountain, forever hungry and thirsty. rising steep from the waters of the Southern Ocean, at 4TH CIRCLE: GREED a point antipodal to Mount Sion in Jerusalem. Heavy rocks weigh down greed and misery souls, while hoarders are forced to carry useless burdens. 5TH CIRCLE: THE STRUCTURE OF PURGATORY WRATH Angry souls are immersed in a boiling river of blood. THE ANTE-PURGATORY 6TH CIRCLE: HERESY Where the souls who delayed repentance, died suddenly, Heretics are trapped in burning tombs, their bodies or were excommunicated from church must wait before contorted in grotesque positions. beginning their ascent. 7TH CIRCLE: VIOLENCE PURGATORY PROPER Those who committed acts of violence are punished in a Pride - souls carry heavy stones, learning humility. Envy river of boiling blood, according to the nature of their - souls have their eyes sewn shut, learning to see others’ crimes (violence against others, oneself, or God). fortunes without resentment. 8TH CIRCLE: FRAUD Wrath - souls walk through blinding smoke, learning This circle is divided into several bolgias, each patience. corresponding to a different type of fraud: fraudulent Sloth - souls run tirelessly, learning zeal (enthusiasm for advisors, flatterers, fortune-tellings, pimps, thieves, something). hypocrites, and sowers of discord. The punishments Avarice (Greed) - souls lie face down, detaching from vary accordingly. earthly possessions. ○ Panderers and seducers Gluttony - souls suffer hunger and thirst, practicing ○ Flatterers temperance. ○ Falsifiers Lust - souls walk through flames, learning chastity and ○ Sorcerers pure love. ○ Barrators THE EARTHLY PARADISE ○ Hypocrites It serves as the final destination for souls undergoing ○ Thieves purification and the gateway to Heaven and a place ○ False counselors untouched by corruption and sin. ○ Schismatics 9TH CIRCLE: TREACHERY This innermost circle is reserved for the most heinous DANTE’S PARADISE sinners: betrayers of kin, country, friends, and guests. In Paradise, the third and final part of The Divine They are frozen in a lake of ice, their bodies contorted in Comedy, Dante Alighieri depicts Heaven as a place of agony. divine light, love, and ultimate understanding. Unlike the punishments and suffering in Inferno and the MEANING OF DIVINE COMEDY purifications in Purgatory, Paradise is characterized by DIVINA COMMEDIA pure bliss, divine order, and perfect harmony. Divine Comedy COMMEDIA THE NINE SPHERES Comedy 1. THE MOON - souls who broke their vows. DIVINE 2. MERCURY - souls who pursued fame and honor. signifies the poem’s profound engagement with spiritual 3. VENUS - souls who were lovers. and theological themes. 4. THE SUN - souls of wise theologians. COMEDY 5. MARS - souls of warriors for faith. in the context of Dante’s work refers to its narrative arc, 6. JUPITER - souls of just rulers. which concludes on a positive note.  7. SATURN - souls of contemplatives. others through love, nearest to the Empyrean. 8. THE FIXED STARS - souls of the apostles, saints, and RP & CAS | 2 exemplars of faith. 9. THE PRIMUM MOBILE - the sphere that moves all BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER countless lives. In the Empyrean, Dante experiences a vision of God as an eternal, incomprehensible light surrounded by HOW DOES SHEHERAZADE PLAN TO STOP HER choirs of angels and the redeemed. HUSBAND’S PLAN? This final encounter with the Divine reflects the ultimate goal of the soul: unity with God. Sheherazade stops her husband’s plan by captivating him with storytelling. WEEK 14:ARABIAN NIGHTS; ALADDIN & HIS Each night, she tells a fascinating story but leaves it WONDERFUL LAMP; ALIBABA & 40 THIEVES unfinished at dawn. The intrigued king delays her execution to hear the rest WHAT IS A FRAME STORY? the next day. A literary technique where an overarching narrative She repeats this each night, telling new stories and structure “frames” one or more stories within it. leaving them unresolved, making the king eager for The frame story Arabian Nights serves as a clever more. device for integrating a large number of unrelated This strategy not only delays her death but also stories and allows for the moral growth and gradually changes the king’s heart and views on transformation of both Shahrazad and Shahryar. women, ultimately saving her life. THE TWO BROTHERS DID SHE SUCCEED? KING SHAHRAYAR Sheherazade succeeds in stopping King Shahryar’s He is the ruler of a kingdom and becomes bitter and cruel plan through her storytelling. vengeful after discovering his wife’s infidelity. Over 1,001 nights, her wisdom and moral lessons KING SHAHZAMAN change the king’s heart, making him see women in a The younger brother of Shahryar, a king of another new light. kingdom. He falls in love with her, stops executing brides, and makes her his queen. WHY DOES KING SHAHRAYAR KILL HIS BRIDE THE Her survival and the king’s transformation proves her FOLLOWING SUNRISE? success, as she saves her life and brings positive Shahrayar’s first wife was unfaithful to him. change to his rule. He and his brother, Sheherazade, journeyed to find a man more unfortunate than them; once they had, they HOW DID ALADDIN GET HIS MAGIC LAMP? returned home with Shahrayar’s heart filled with A magician who falsely introduced himself as his uncle, vengeance. offered him a shop and invited him to go on a journey He ordered his vizier to kill his wife and slave girls due to leading to the near edge of the cliff, two mountains his fate for all women, believing that there is no single divided by a narrow valley. chaste woman in the world. Asked Aladdin to fetch the lamp and give it to him. Shahrayar then swore to marry a new woman every day Aladdin refused to give the lamp until the magician left the and have her killed the morning after. cave and closed the stoned door leaving Aladdin left behind. WHY DOES SHEHERAZADE AGREE TO MARRY THE FORTUNES KING? Feast of meals Sheherazade agrees to marry King Shahryar to stop his Silver plates cycle of vengeance against women and save the lives Jewels, golds of future brides. Having everything the Sultan wanted to offer to marry After discovering his first wife’s betrayal, the king his daughter resolved to marry a new woman each day and Palace execute her the next morning to avoid being betrayed The Princess again. MISFORTUNES Sheherazade, the vizier’s daughter, volunteers to marry The palace disappeared him with a daring plan to end his cruelty by captivating His wife was lost him with her storytelling. Captured by the Sultan The magic lamp was taken away WHAT DID SHEHERAZADE'S FATHER DO TO STOP HER FROM MARRYING THE KING? HOW DID ALIBABA BECOME RICH? Her father, the vizier, was horrified by her decision and ALIBABA DISCOVERS THE TREASURE tried to dissuade her. Alibaba was a poor woodcutter who lived a humble life He warned her of the king’s ruthless behavior and the with his wife. inevitable fate that awaited her. One day, while he was chopping wood in the forest, he He even told her cautionary tales to illustrate the saw a band of forty thieves. dangers of overreaching or ignoring wise advice. Despite He hid and watched them approach a large rock. The his pleas, Sheherazade insisted, believing in her ability to leader of the thieves said the magic word “open sesame” change the king’s heart and save and the rock opened, revealing the entrance  RP & CAS | 3 BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER Enters the thieves cave but forgets the password and of the hidden cave filled with gold, jewels, and treasures. gets trapped He is killed by the thieves as punishment for stealing CASSIM’S FATE their wealth MORGIANA Alibaba shared his discovery to his wife, he tried to keep it a secret. A clever and loyal servant to Alibaba Saves Alibaba and his family multiple times from the Unfortunately, his brother’s wife discovers their secret. thieve’s schemes Cassim forced Alibaba to say the magic words. That’s Prevent the thieves’ leader by killing him with a boiling when Cassim’s greed led him to his downfall. Cassim went to the cave and took so much treasure that he forgot pot of oil the magic word to exit. Marries Alibaba’s son as a reward for her loyalty and The group of thieves found him trapped and killed him. recovery Represents intelligence and resourceful MORGIANA’S CLEVERNESS MUSTAPHA A cobbler who unknowingly helps the thieves by sewing When Cassim didn’t return, Alibaba went to the cave to up Casims’s body after his death search for him and found his brother’s lifeless body. He Does so under secrecy, unaware of the larger plot He brought Cassim’s body back home, and his clever servant named Morgiana devised a plan to cover up his death. is a minor character, but his role shows the thieves' efforts to hide their crime. She sought help from a cobbler, Mustapha, to sew up Cassim’s body, ensuring no one would suspect foul WEEK 15: THE DECAMERON & PROLOGUE OF play. After killing Cassim, the thieves become suspicious CANTERBURY TALES & PARDONER’S TALES when they discover that someone else knew their WHAT IS THE BLACK DEATH? secret because Cassim’s body had been removed. The black death serves as the backdrop for the They tracked down who had been taking their treasure. Decameron, influencing the lives and behaviors of the They attempt to kill Alibaba multiple times but he is characters. always saved by the clever and loyal servant. In the first few pages of the book, Boccaccio describes the plague’s impact on Florence, how it spread HOW DID MORGIANA DEAL WITH THE THIEVES? rapidly, causing widespread death, fear, and societal The leader of the thieves (disguised as an old merchant) breakdown. brought large oil jars where his men were hiding into The plague not only killed millions but also disrupted Alibaba’s home with the intention of ambushing him at social structures, as many people abandoned their night. families, and religious and political institutions Morgiana discovers and foils the plan, killing the thieves struggled to cope with the crisis. hiding in the jars by pouring boiling oil on them. The leader of the thieves pretends to be a merchant and WHO ARE THE STORYTELLERS? befriends Alibaba’s son and is invited to dinner at The tale begins with 7 women and 3 men who move to a Alibaba’s house. country villa to escape the Black Death in Florence. However, the thief is recognized by Morgiana, who The group stays there for 14 days and on ten of those performs a sword dance with a dagger for the dinners. days, they each tell one tale on a set theme. As she dances, she suddenly stabs the leader’s heart, DAY ONE (PAMPINEA) killing him instantly. She is noble, polite, and often emphasizes the importance of good manners and noble virus in his tales, often narrating stories that highlight the triumph SECURING THE WEALTH of love and virtue. With the thieves already gone, Alibaba is now free to DAY TWO (FILOMEA) access the cave with treasure without fear. A graceful and considered the most serious of the Alibaba became the sole owner of the riches in the cave. group. He takes only what he needs and uses it wisely, DAY THREE (NEIFILE) ensuring a life of comfort and prosperity for himself Known for her elegance and wisdom. and his family. Often calm and composed in her storytelling. DAY FOUR (FILOSTRATO) CHARACTERS RP & CAS | 4 ALIBABA BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER The main protagonist A poor woodcutter More reserved and often tells stories centered around Discovers the thieves the darker aspects of love, such as jealousy and Discovers the thieves’ hidden in a cave heartbreak. Uses the treasure to improve his live but avoids greed Represent cleverness and humility CASIM Alibaba’s wealthy and greedy older brother Learn about the treasure from Alibaba but is consumed by greed  him to get an heir. ○ Second, he found Griselda attractive (both physically and because of her loving character in the neighborhood). ○ Another key reason as well was attributed WHAT DETAILS IN THE STORY GIVE A HAPPY ENDING? to Gualtieri’s desire to test Griselda’s virtue, character, and REUNION WITH HER CHILDREN obedience. Griselda’s long-lost children, whom she believed had been killed, are revealed to be alive and are reunited DAY FIVE (FIAMMETTA) with her. Elegant and often introspective, with a tendency to tell This moment symbolizes restoration and healing after tales of deep motion. her suffering. DAY SIX (ELISSA) REINSTATEMENT AS WIFE AND MARCHIONESS Gualtieri, She is the Queen of the Brigata and chooses for the her husband, acknowledges her steadfast virtue and theme stories in which a character avoids attack or loyalty. embarrassment through a clever remark. He restores her as his wife and reinstates her position DAY SEVEN (DIONEO) as Marchioness, symbolizing her triumph despite the The witty and playful storyteller of the group. trials she endured. DAY EIGHT (LAURETTA) GRISELDA’S FORGIVENESS AND GRACE Considered the most charming and lively of the group. Griselda forgives Gualtieri for his cruel tests without DAY NINE (EMILIA) bitterness, showing her enduring strength and virtue. She is the Queen of Brigata for the 9th day. This resolution emphasizes themes of reconciliation and DAY TEN (PANFILO) moral victory. A quiet and reflective character who often tells stories RESTORATION OF ORDER involving clever solutions or moral lessons. The family is reunited, and harmony is restored in their lives, which provides closure and a sense of justice. WHAT IS THE STORY ABOUT GRISELDA? The story centers on Gualtieri, a marquis who marries a WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE PILGRIMAGE TO poor but virtuous woman named Griselda. CANTERBURY? To test her loyalty and patience, Gualtieri subjects Pilgrimage is often used to describe an individual’s Griselda to a series of cruel trials, including pretending journey through life, sometimes as a general to kill their children and casting her out of their home description of personal growth, exploration, or to supposedly marry another woman. religious motives. Griselda endures these hardships with unwavering SPIRITUAL/RELIGIOUS BELIEFS obedience and grace. In the end, Gualtieri reveals the truth that their children are alive and well and that the new bride was only a ruse. The story concludes with Gualtieri reaffirming his love for Griselda and honoring her as his wife for life. WHO TOLD THE STORY? The story of Griselda is told by Dioneo, the wittiest and OTHER PURPOSES most irreverent member of the group in the Decameron. Dioneo often tells stories with a satirical or critical edge, and as the one who tells the last tale of the collection, his story is especially significant. WHAT IS THE LESSON OF THE STORY? The lesson of the story Griselda in Boccaccio’s Decameron revolves around unwavering patience, obedience, and virtue in the face of hardship. WHAT IS THE PARDONER’S TALE ABOUT? Three young men, living a life of debauchery and WHY DID GUALTIERI CHOOSE AN IGNORANT PEASANT wickedness, are spending their time drinking in a GIRL TO BE HIS WIFE RATHER THAN A HIGHBORN tavern when they hear that their friend has died from LADY? the plague. Gualtieri, the Marquis of Saluzzo, chose an ignorant They are deeply upset and vow to avenge his death. peasant girl, Griselda, as his wife for several unique As they set out to find death, an old man directs them to a reasons: tree where they will find the personification of death. ○ First, he wanted to spite his friends and his RP & CAS | 5 citizens who were pressuring or demanding BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER Instead, under the tree, they discover a large cache of gold coins. The three men are overjoyed by the wealth, but their  greed soon takes over. Framing Device Framing Narrative/Story They decide to wait until nightfall to move the treasure so no one will see them. As they sit, waiting, the youngest of the three goes into Interplay between Balances realistic town to fetch food and wine. realism and fiction depictions of life with the creativity and Meanwhile, the other two men plot to kill him when he imagination of fictions returns, so they can take the treasure for themselves. In turn, the youngest plans to poison the wine in order to kill the two others and keep all the gold for himself. When Storytellers 10 narrators the youngest returns, the two men kill him, but then they both told the stories for drink the poisoned wine and die as well. In the end, all entertainment and to three men die as a result of their greed and the gold past time, remains for no one. both will be told in span of days THE MORAL LESSON The tale emphasizes the destructive power of greed. Impact in society Contributed to the The three rioters set out to kill death, but in the end, it is transition from their own greed that causes their downfall. medieval to modern thought Their plot to kill each other for the gold leads to their Remain as foundational mutual destruction, demonstrating how greed can blind people to their own doom. texts in exploring the interplay between The pardoner, as the storyteller also makes the point personal experience that greed is the root of all sin. and societal norms He uses the story to warn against the dangers of selfishness and the pursuit of material wealth at the expense of morality. WEEK 16: THE HEPTAMERON DIFFERENCES WHAT IS HEPTAMERON? Heptameron Decameron During the French Renaissance, Marguerite de Navarre, the sister of King Francis I of France, wrote a Origin Inspired by Composed collection of short stories known as the Heptameron. Boccacio’s between The work was published in 1558 and was organized as Decameron 1349 and a frame story. Published in 1353 The Heptameron is a collection of 72 stories narrated by 1558 10 aristocratic travelers who become trapped in a Pyrenean monastery as a result of flooding and bad weather. Authors Marguerite Giovanni To pass the time, they take turns telling stories about de Boccaccio love, marriage, infidelity, morality, and human Navarre foolishness. After each story, the narrators debate the interpretations Number of 72 short 100 tales of the story, offer moral lessons, or offer commentary. Tales & Days stories 10 days to be told 7 days WHAT WAS THE AUTHOR’S PLAN REGARDING THE WRITING OF HEPTAMERON? Marguerite de Navarre’s original plan for the WHAT ARE THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES Language French Italian BETWEEN HEPTAMERON AND DECAMERON? SIMILARITIES 1549. The title Heptameron reflects this Century, Italy Heptameron was to write a collection of incomplete state, with “hepta” meaning 100 stories, modeled after Boccaccio’s seven, corresponding to the number of More Decameron. completed days. lighthearted The stories would be told over a period of and bawdy Setting 16th Century, French ten days, with ten characters each Society narrating one story per day. Marguerite completed only 72 stories, spanning seven RP & CAS | 6 Tone More serious and didactic days of storytelling, before her death in Black Death in 14th WORLD LITERATURE BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER  deception in his stories. Purpose Intended to society It is implied that he has relations with provoke Parlamente prior to the current timeline in moral and Heptameron. religious Believed to be a representation of a young contemplatio Highlighting humor and the knight, thought to be Henry d’Albert, n complexities Margaret’s second husband. of love LONGARINE Theme Respecting A widow whose husband died in the and prologue. Her stories offer perspectives on challenging Power of love to survive changes in love, marriage, and the struggles faced by social norms fortune and to override human women, exploring themes of love, loss, and Women’s intelligence resilience. experiences SIMONTAUT Among the stories told by Longarine and A man who is flirtatious and critical of include stories 8, 25, 38, 50, 59, and 62. perspectives women, representing a skeptical view of love Believed to either be Blanche de Chastillon in patriarchal and fidelity, focusing on themes of lust and or Aimee and personal agency reflecting on human behavior and ENNASUITE Impact to Society Society’s shift in justice. He is generally fair to One of the ladies who takes Addressed the moral understandin those around him when he tells refuge at the abbey after her dilemmas g of institutional his stories, and does not paint horse dies while being chased by and social hypocrisies of 16th either of the sexes in a bad light a bear. flaws, which laid the foundation century, France for secularism such as the stories told by the She is gentle and agreeable, Subtly and critical thinking others sometimes do. often contributing tales that advocated for women’s Motier de la Fayette. His stories include stories 5, 43, reflect conventional views on love agency GEBURON and 65. and virtue. Among the stories Practical and worldly, he shares Believed to represent Seigneur told by Ennasuite are stories 4, Emphasized individuality de Burye. 19, 27, 36, and 48. stories with moral lessons, WHO ARE THE TEN STORYTELLERS? The lively youngest member of the group. OISILLE She enjoys entertaining the group with lighter, humorous Described as an old widow, the oldest member of the tales, which are often playful and lighthearted. group and therefore was appointed as the unofficial Narrates stories 6, 11, 29, 44, and 55. leader due to her age. May have been the famous Frances de Foix, Countess Represents religious piety and is the group’s moral of Chateaubriand, but may also be a Demoiselle de compass. Fimarcon or Fiedmarcon. DAGOUCIN Narrates stories 2,17,23,32,56, and 51. Believed to be Louise of Savoy. Dagoucin is one of the men who follows Parlamente, PARLAMENTE Hircan, and Longarine as they make their way home. An She often offers thoughtful insights on moral and idealistic and romantic young man who values pure, and philosophical topics, advocating for balanced views on selfless love. love and morality. Tells stories 9, 11, 24, 72, 27, and 58. A lady that is married to the storyteller Hircan. Narrates Believed to be Nicholas Dangu, who became Chancellor stories including 21, 40, 42, and 57. Believed to the to the King of Navarre. author, Marguerite de Navarre, herself. Others believe that he is the Count d’ August. HIRCAN SAFFRADENT A bold and often cynical character who represents A cheerful and humorous character who frequently masculine pragmatism and occasionally pragmatism recounts tales of trickery and infidelity, often with a and occasionally mocks romantic ideals, offering a lighthearted tone.ty skeptical view of relationships. Saffradent and Dagoucin go to the aid of the ladies when The British husband of storyteller Parlamente. they hear the fight break out in the house next to the Narrates stories 7, 18, 39, 35, 49, and 56. one where they are staying. Believed to either be the author’s first husband. He tells stories 3, 26, 39, 41, 54, and 61. She is supposed to be representing Anne de Vivonne. NOMERFIDE observations. In real life, he may be Admiral de Bonnivet, John de Oisille, the oldest and most pious member, proposes Montzpezat, or Rene de Rohan. they dedicate their mornings to prayer and spiritual reflection. WHAT IS THE PLOT OF HEPTAMERON? The rest of the day, however, is spent sharing tales that A group of 10 people; 5 men and 5 women, are traveling spark lively debates about human nature, through the Pyrnees when a flood destroys the bridge relationships, and societal norms. they need to cross. Their goal is to tell ten stories each day for ten days (like They seek shelter in the abbey, where they must wait for in the Decameron), but the book ends with only 72 the waters to recede. stories completed across seven days. To pass the time, the group decides to tell each other The eight day never begins, leaving the narrative stories, inspired by their own experiences or  unfinished. GENDER ROLES EXAMPLE STORIES: Gender roles are also explored through various Day 1, Story 1 (Simontault): characters and stories. ○ A tale of a woman who remains faithful to her Presenting a traditional gender expectations of the time husband even after he mistreats her, and a more progressive view of women in society. demonstrating endurance and virtue. Women also demonstrate agency and strength taking Day 2, Story 7 (Hircan): control of their lives. ○ A comedic story about a priest outsmarted by a RELIGION AND HYPOCRISY woman he tries to seduce. Religious themes and moral concerns also played an Day 4, Story 10 (Hircan): important role in Heptameron. ○ The virtuous countess of Valentinois resists a Emphasizing how faith influences character’s decisions gentleman’s persistent seduction attempts. and actions. As well as the immorality of religious authorities and the other critiques of the church. WHAT IS THE FIRST STORY OF HEPTAMERON? SOCIAL CLASS AND POWER Tale I - the wife of Proctor named “St. Aignan”, having The stories also reflect how social ranking affects the been pressingly solicited by the Bishop of Sees, took him decisions and actions of characters. for her profit, and being a s little satisfied with him as with Examining why certain classes are privileged over her husband, found a means to have the son of the others along with the consequences of social Lieutenant-General of Alencon “Du Mesnil” for her inequality and the abuse of power. pleasure. Some time afterwards she caused the latter to be WHAT ARE THE MORAL LESSON OF THE HEPTAMERON? miserably murdered by her husband, who although he THE IMPORTANCE OF PRUDENCE IN LOVE obtained pardon for the murder, was afterwards sent to the galleys with a sorcerer named “Gallery”; and all In many stories, hasty or reckless decisions driven by this was brought about by the wickedness of his wife. passion lead to suffering. The lesson here is that careful thought and moderation WHO IS THE FIRST STORYTELLER? in love matters can prevent harm. Impulsive actions, especially in romantic relationships, The storyteller of this tale is “Simontault”, one of the ten narrators in the book. often have consequences. Simontault is known for his sharp and often critical THE DANGERS OF DECEIT observations about the dynamics between men and While some characters use deceit successfully in the women, and his choice of story reflects his interest in short term, most stories highlight how dishonesty themes of love, deception, and the complexities of ultimately leads to trouble. human behavior. The lesson is that dishonesty, even if it seems beneficial at first, usually causes pain or destruction in the long WHAT ARE THE THEMES OF HEPTAMERON? run. FORGIVENESS BRINGS PEACE LOVE AND DESIRE Characters who are wronged choose forgiveness, Love is the central theme of the Heptameron that was leading to reconciliation and personal peace. shown in various forms. The lesson is that forgiveness, rather than revenge or It also recognizes the power of love to elevate and grudges, ultimately benefits the individual and the destroy. community. As the characters engage with infidelity, unrequited love, HYPOCRISY UNDERMINES INTEGRITY adultery, and with the consequences of their desires. Several stories reveal characters who condemn others DECEPTION AND TRICKERY while secretly engaging in the same vices. The moral Many stories also involve deception and trickery where lesson here is that hypocrisy, especially in those who the characters showed dishonesty, deceit, and claim to be morally upright (like clergy or aristocrats), betrayal throughout the tales. undermines true moral integrity. Highlighting how deception makes relationships complicated and can lead to unexpected RP & CAS | 8 consequences. WORLD LITERATURE BS PSYCH | FINALS | REVIEWER SELF CONTROL IS A VIRTUE Excessive indulgence in lust, greed, or anger leads to Don Quixote, the protagonist of Miguel de Cervantes' novel, negative consequences for many characters in the goes crazy primarily due to his obsessive reading of chivalric Haptameron. romances. These books fill his mind with idealized notions of The lesson is that self-control and moderation are knighthood, honor, and adventure, leading him to lose touch crucial virtues for avoiding ruin and achieving a with reality. He becomes convinced that he is a knight-errant harmonious life. destined to revive chivalry and protect the helpless. WHAT IS THE FAMOUS STORY IN DON QUIXOTE? WEEK 17: DON QUIXOTE BY CERVANTES WHY DID DON QUIXOTE BECOME INSANE The most famous story in Don Quixote is when Don Quixote attacks the windmills, believing them to be  giants. This was also where the phrase “Tilting at burning the books, the priest and the barber attempt to reject windmills” originated. This iconic scene occurs early in the idealized, fantastical world of chivalry. the novel which is Part 1, Chapter 8. In this story, Don Quixote, armed and riding his trusty but WHAT CAUSED DON QUIXOTE’S DEATH? IN HIS LAST aged steed named Rocinante. He imagines the WILL, WHO INHERITS HIS WEALTH? WHAT windmills as monstrous foes believing them to be RESTRICTIONS WERE IN THE LAST WILL? giants. Despite the warnings of his loyal squire, CAUSE OF DON QUIXOTE’S DEATH Sancho Panza, Don Quixote charges at the windmills, only to be knocked down when his lance is caught in Don Quixote, whose real name is Alonso Quixano, dies of an one of the windmill blades. illness. After regaining his sanity and renouncing his knightly delusions, he falls gravely ill, possibly due to physical and CHARACTERS mental exhaustion from his adventures. He accepted his SANCHO PANZA identity as Alonso Quixano once more and peacefully passed The peasant who joins Don Quixote on his adventures away, content with his reconciliation to reality. as his squire. ALONSO QUIJANO HIS LAST WILL Don Quixote’s real name before becoming a knight 1. INHERITANCE DULCINEA DEL TOBOSO His wealth is left to his niece, Antonia Quixana, with the A peasant woman who Don Quixote casts as his condition that she marries a man who has no princess lady, love, and muse. (Real name: Aldonza knowledge of books of chivalry. Lorenzo) He also makes provisions for his faithful housekeeper ROCINANTE and his squire, Sancho Panza, though these are more Don Quixote’s worn-out barn horse. Slow and faithful, symbolic than substantial. Rocinante evokes his master. 2. RESTRICTIONS DAPPLE A significant restriction in his will is aimed at protecting Sancho Panza’s donkey. his niece. If she marries a man who indulges in or has read books of chivalry, she will lose her inheritance. WHY DID SANCHO PANZA AGREE TO ACCOMPANY DON This reflects Alonso Quixano's ultimate rejection of the QUIXOTE IN HIS ADVENTURE? chivalric ideals that consumed his life. Don Quixote made several key promises to Sancho Panza to persuade him to join his adventures: Governorship of an Island: Don Quixote promise Sancho that he would become the governor of an island, which appealed to Sancho's desire for wealth 0 and status. Wealth and Rewards: Along with the governorship, Don Quixote assured Sancho that he would receive riches and rewards for his service as a squire. WHAT IS THE MISSION OF DON QUIXOTE IN HIS ADVENTURE? QUEST FOR CHIVALRIC GLORY The main mission of Don Quixote in his adventures is his quest for chivalric glory. Inspired by the romantic tales of knights and their noble deeds, he sets out to revive the ideals of chivalry by becoming a knight-errant. His goal is to perform heroic acts, defend the helpless, and win the love of his imagined lady, Dulcinea del Toboso. This quest drives all his actions and misadventures throughout the story, highlighting both the nobility and absurdity of his pursuits. WHY DID THE BARBER AND THE PRIEST BURN THE BOOKS OF DON QUIXOTE? In Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote, The barber and the priest burn books in the story because they believe the books of chivalric romance, which Don Quixote avidly reads, are the cause of his madness. Their belief is that these books have distorted Don Quixote's mind, leading him to adopt the persona of a knight-errant and embark on foolish quests. REJECTION OF IDEALISM The books that are burned are all works of chivalric romance, which glorify knights, heroism, and adventures. These tales shape Don Quixote's worldview and inspire his delusions. By