WK5 - Madrid Studies to Tour of Europe.pdf

RIZL111: Prelim Week 05 Madrid Studies to Tour of Europe...

RIZL111: Prelim Week 05 Madrid Studies to Tour of Europe Bachelor of Science in Nursing 4Y1 Professor: Percival M. Manuel MADRID STUDIES TO TOUR OF EUROPE - The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Rizal’s First Travel Abroad Suez Canal. - Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret. - June 11, 1882 – Rizal reached the city of Naples on Italy. - The people who knew about this were: - Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's Paciano – who gave him 700 pesos and promised a west coast by the Gulf of Naples. monthly allowance of 35 pesos - Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Uncle Antonio Rivera – who encouraged him to seek his Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the luck abroad region of Campania and of the province of Naples. Saturnina – his sister who gave her diamond ring. - June 12, 1882 – the steamer docked at the French harbor - Rizal used his cousin‟s passport named Jose Mercado. Marseilles.  He visited the famous city landmark Chateau - He was accompanied by his brother Paciano and brother in d‟ If where Dantes , the hero of the “Count of Monte Cristo” law Manuel Hidalgo to Manila. was imprisoned. - He visited the Jesuits in Ateneo. - He bade farewell to the Valenzuela family. Barcelona Spain - He failed to say goodbye to Leonor. - From Marseilles, Rizal took a train to Barcelona, the 2nd largest Spanish city in the province of Cataluña, which he The Voyage thought was ugly, dirty and the people inhospitable. - May 3, 1882 – Rizal boarded the Salvadora. His friend - Later, he loved the city’s free atmosphere and liberalism. Chenggoy was the one who see him off. He took a last - The people were open-hearted, warm and brave. glance of Manila. - He was warmly welcomed by his paisanos, countrymen, at - May 8, 1882 – the steamship reached Singapore. the Plaza Cataluña. - Rizal was impressed by the progress and beauty of this English colony. Articles Written Abroad - He stayed at Hotel de Paz. - Rizal was asked to contribute an article to the Diariong - Transferred to the French steamer Djemnah bound for Tagalog by Basilio Teodoro Moran, an editorial staffer. Europe. - He wrote an essay entitled “Amor Patrio” using “Laong - May 15, 1882 – the steamer reached Point de Galle, Laan” as his pen name. Ceylon. - The newspaper was founded by Marcelo H. del Pilar in - May 18, 1882 PM – the ship reached Colombo, Ceylon. Manila. - He observed the backwardness of the city: sleepy and - Francisco Calvo, the editor praised Rizal, and asked him to without much progress. contribute more. - From here, the ship crossed the Indian Ocean. - Rizal wrote another article, “Los Viajes.” - The ship crossed the Indian Ocean towards Cape - His last article “Revista de Madrid” was not published Guardafui in Somalia, Africa. because the newspaper ceased publication. - The steamer encountered a stormy weather. - The ship reached Aden, a seaport city in Yemen, located by Sad News from Home the eastern approach to the Red Sea. - An epidemic broke out in the Philippines - Rizal felt the terrible heat of the Arabian Desert. - A cholera had killed many lives of Filipinos - June 2, 1882 – the steamer reached the Suez Canal, the - Leonor was very much depressed because of his departure terminal of the Red Sea. - Paciano advised him to take his studies seriously. - Rizal was reminded of the beautiful sights of Calamba, - Cholera is an infectious disease that can cause severe Laguna during the night. diarrhea, dehydration, and death. - De Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, (19 November 1805 – 7 - Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused December 1894) was the French developer of the Suez by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas in - Rizal left Barcelona and established himself in Madrid. A 1869, and substantially reduced sailing distances and times between the West and the East. Student of Madrid - At Port Said, the Mediterranean Sea terminal, Rizal - November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled at the Universidad disembarked to visit some tourist spots. Central de Madrid - Port Said is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending - He enrolled Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. about 30 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, - He also studied painting and sculpture north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of - Took language lessons in French, German, and English at 603,787 (2010). the Academy of San Carlos J.A.K.E 1 of 5  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: WK5 – MADRID STUDIES TO TOUR OF EUROPE - Honed his fencing and shooting skills at the Hall of Arms Filipinos and Spaniards who believed that reforms be Sanz y Carbonell. introduced in the Philippines. Its founder was Juan Atayde. - He lived frugally and managed his time wisely. - Upon the request of the members of the society, he wrote a - He occasionally drank when he was in the company of his poem entitled Mi Piden Versos (They Asked Me For Verses). friends. - His love for books encouraged him to economize his living - He sparingly bet on the lottery. expenses and soon, with great diligence, he was able to build a fair-sized private library, consisting mostly of Thorn between Two Lovers second-hand books bought from a bookstore owned by a - Rizal was welcomed in the house of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, certain Señor Roses. a former civil governor in Manila. - His collections of numerous books were on medicine, - Don Pablo has a Filipina wife and two daughters: Pilar and philosophy, languages, geography and the arts among Consuelo. others. - It was Consuelo who awakened the heart of Rizal to love - Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s anew. Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew. These books - He did not pursue his love for Consuelo because he still aroused his sympathy for his oppressed people. loved Leonor and he was planning to leave Madrid after his - His love for books encouraged him to economize his living studies. expenses and soon, with great diligence, he was able to - Consuelo chose Eduardo de Lete over Rizal. build a fair-sized private library, consisting mostly of second-handbooks bought from a bookstore owned by a Joining the Propaganda certain Señor Roses. - In 1882 Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipina, - His collections of numerous books were on medicine, composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who advocated philosophy, languages, geography and the arts among reforms to the Philippine government. others. - It was founded by Juan Atayde. - Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s - He wrote the poem “Mi Piden Versos” for the society. Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew. These books - He collected second hand books on medicine, philosophy, aroused his sympathy for his oppressed people. languages, geography, etc. - He loved the books “Uncle Tom‟s Cabin” by Harry Beecher Other Important Propagandists Stowe and “The Wandering Jew” by Eugene Sue. Graciano Lopez Jaena, a noted orator and pamphleteer who had left the islands for Spain in 1880 after the The Propaganda Movement publication of his satirical short novel, Fray Botod (Brother - Between 1872 and 1892, a national consciousness was Fatso), an unflattering portrait of a provincial friar. growing among the Filipino émigrés who had settled in Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, an Austrian geographer and Europe. In the freer atmosphere of Europe, these ethnologist whom Rizal had met in Germany; émigrés—liberal sexiled in 1872 and students attending Marcelo del Pilar, a reform-minded lawyer. Del Pilar was European universities--formed the Propaganda Movement. active in the anti-friar movement in the islands until obliged - Organized for literary and cultural purposes more than for to flee to Spain in1888, where he became editor of La political ends, the Propagandists, who included upper- Solidaridad and assumed leadership of the Filipino class Filipinos from all the lowland Christian areas, strove community in Spain. to "awaken the sleeping intellect of the Spaniard to the needs of our country" and to create a closer, more equal Joining the Masons association of the islands and the motherland. - In 1883, Rizal joined the Masons, a group of liberal and - Among their specific goals were: republican thinkers. representation of the Philippines in the Cortes, or - He was impressed by their attacks on the government. Spanish parliament; - He joined the Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid. secularization of the clergy; - He used Dimasalang as his Masonic name. legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; creation of a public school system independent of the More Bad News from Home friars; - Philippine situation turned from bad to worse. - abolition of the polo (labor service)and vandala (forced - Harvest was down. sale of local products to the government); - Rent was raised exorbitantly by the Dominican Estate. - guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association; - His regular allowance was decreased. - and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter - Juan Luna‟s “Spoliarium” won the gold in the National government service. Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid. - Felix Hidalgo‟s Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace” Jose Rizal, The Propagandist garnered the silver. - In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal, joined the - Rizal paid tribute to the two. Circulo-Hispano-Filipina. This circle was composed of J.A.K.E 2 of 5  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: WK5 – MADRID STUDIES TO TOUR OF EUROPE A Doctor and Philosopher He translated “William Tell” and the Tales of Christian - June, 21, 1884 – Rizal completed his studies in Medicine. Andersen into Tagalog - From 1884-1885, he studied and passed all the subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Leipzig University, - Did not passed the thesis required for graduation. In Dresden, Rizal met Dr. Adolf B. Meyer, director of the - He did not pay the graduation fees. Anthropological and Ethnological Museum. - He was not awarded his doctor‟s diploma. Dresden Anthropological Museum - He also finished the degree Philosophy and Letters. BERLIN, GERMANY, Rizal was amazed with the scientific - On his 24th birthday, he was awarded the diploma atmosphere of Berlin, the capital of Germany. He also - His rating was excellent. Madrid noticed the absence of racial prejudice there. Rizal’s Favorite Writer, He met for the first time his Rizal’s Parisian Life of Tou of Europe favorite writer/scientist Dr. Feodor Jagor, author of the After graduation, Rizal prepared for a journey to Paris. He “Travels in the Philippines”. Rizal was introduced to Dr. dropped by Barcelona to see his friend Maximo Viola, a Rudolf Virchow, a famous German anthropologist and his wealthy medical student who hails from San Miguel, son Dr. Hans Virchow, professor of Anatomy. Bulacan. He was introduced to Señor Eusebio Corominas, Works Under German ophthalmologist editor of La Publicidad. Corominas introduced him to the He also worked at the clinic of Dr. R. Schulzer, a German owner Don Miguel Morayta. He submitted the article ophthalmologist. Carolines Questions for publication. Dr. Virchow invited him to give a lecture on the Tagalog In Paris, he worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Wecker, language a French ophthalmologist Rizal wrote a scholarly paper entitled “Tagalische He also visited the Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Paz and Verskunst” which he lectured to the anthropological Felix) society He visited the studio of Juan Luna and posed as an Reasons for staying in Berlin: Egyptian priest in the painting “Death of Cleopatra.” 1) To finish writing and later publish his first novel “Noli Me Juan Luna posed as “Cleopatra” himself Tangere” On February 8, 1886, he left Paris due to the high cost of 2) To promote the existence of the Filipinos and to share living there their political conditions to the Germans. He proceeded to Germany. 3) To expose the plight of the Filipinos under Spanish rule In Heidelberg, the historic German city famous for it sold and their desire for independence university and other medieval structures, he stayed in a A SPARTAN-LIKE LIFE… boarding house. - He kept himself physically fit by frequenting the Berlin Later, he transferred to the house of Pastor Karl Ullmer, a Gymnasium Lutheran minister. - He took private lessons in Frenchunder Madame Lucie They had discussions about the merits of religion Gerdolle Here in Heidelberg, Rizal worked as an assistant - Rizal suffered physical, social and financial pains here ophthalmologist in the clinic of Dr. Javier Galezowski. in Berlin He also took lessons in medicine at the University under - Financially, his allowance had not arrived from the instruction of Dr. Otto Becker. Calamba. As an admiration to the scenic beauty of the countryside, - He had to pawn his sister’s diamond ring and sold some Rizal wrote a poem “To the Flowers of Heidelberg” of his books to have money His favorite flower was the bluish “forget-me-not” - His diet, he ate bread and vegetable soup only once a He loved to stroll beside the Neckar River day. July 31, 1886, Rizal wrote a letter to Professor Ferdinand - Physically, his body began to break down due to Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo de Leitmeritz in Austria. malnourishment. - He thought he had TB because of constant coughing Rizal gave him a book entitled “Arithmetica” by Rufino - He felt no one at this point could help him. Baltazar Hernandez Blumentritt gave him a set of books in - In his desperation, Rizal threw the manuscript of the return Noli Me Tangere into the fireplace. But retrieved it right This was the start of a lasting friendship between the two. away upon coming tohis senses. On August 6, 1886,Rizal witnessed the grand - In his suffering of cold and hunger, he felt discouraged Quincentennial Anniversary celebration of the University of and desperate. Heidelberg. He left Heidelberg and went to Leipzig, Germany. He An “Angel” Arrived befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a German historian And - In the midst of his agonizing moment an “angel” arrived. psychologist at the University of Leipzig. - His friend Maximo Viola arrived. He paid all his financial Also attended lectures at the university. obligations and needs. He also financed the initial printing of the Noli J.A.K.E 3 of 5  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: WK5 – MADRID STUDIES TO TOUR OF EUROPE - Truly, Viola was Rizal’s “savior!” Other Tourist Attractions in Europe - Viola came to fulfill his promise that he and Rizal would NOTE: Salzburg is the start of land travel tour Europe Munich is called the “City of Beers” because beer was - Before they proceeded on the tour, Rizal had the novel be found anytime and anywhere in the entire city. printed first Nuremburg, Germany was the site of the infamous - RIZAL’S ALLOWANCE ARRIVES Catholic Holy Inquisition for Catholic heretics. After the Noli came off the press, the two embarked for Ulm is a German city famous for its largest and tallest the tour. cathedral in the country Before the tour, Rizal received his long-delayed RHEINFALL is the last German stop. It is also famous for its allowance of P1,000 from his brother Paciano through waterfalls. Juan Lun a from Paris. TOUR OF SWITZERLAND, In Schaffhausen, they stayed Rizal paid Viola immediately. The rest, he spent for the there for two days. In Basel and Bern, nothing significant tour expenses. took place there Lausanne is the Swiss winter capital - POTSDAM – A city near Berlin made famous by Frederick GENEVA, SWITZERLAND: one of the most beautiful cities of the Great Europe Rizal celebrated his 26ᵗʰ birthday here. They stayed - Rizal visited Dr. A. B. Meyer at the Dresden Art Museum. He here for 15days. The two parted ways; Viola had to return to also met Dr. Feodor Jagor. Barcelona; Rizal would continue his tour alone. Rizal would - TESCHEN, Rizal wired Dr. Blumentritt to inform of his visit continue his trip south to Italy to Leitmeritz Rizal visited the cities of Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence, birthplaces of the Renaissance, the period of revival of Leitmeritz, Austria classical Greek and Roman cultures. In Leitmeritz, they were picked up by Blumentritt and brought ROME: THE “ETERNAL CITY”. Rome is the capital city of to his home. Italy. It is also called the “City of the Caesars.” The two were introduced to Blumentritt’s wife Rosa and VATICAN CITY: THE “HOLY SEE”. Vatican City is the capital their children Dorita, Conrad and Fritz of the Roman Catholic Church. It is also called the “City of The two were brought to Hotel Krebs for Popes.” accommodation They were treated with the famous beer hausen Inquisition Procedure They also tasted the Bohemian beer, the best beer in - The Inquisition was an ecclesiastical court and process of Europe the Roman Catholic Church setup for the purpose towards Rizal met the burgomaster or town mayor who was the discovery and punishment of heresy which wielded impressed by Rizal’s facility in learning the German immense power and brutality in medieval and early modern language in just 11 months times. The two attended the Tourists Club of Leitmeritz where - The Inquisitions function was principally assembled to Blumentritt was the Secretary repress all heretics of rights, depriving them of their estate and assets which became subject to the ownership of the Scientists Interested in Filipino culture Catholic treasury, with each relentlessly sought to destroy They met a few scientists who were interested about the anyone who spoke, or even thought differently to the Filipino life and culture Catholic Church. Dr. Czepelak - This system for close to over six centuries became the legal Prof. Klutschak framework throughout most of Europe that orchestrated In Prague, a historic city of Czech Republic, Rizal and Viola one of the most confound religious orders in the course of proceeded to the University of Prague. There they met Dr. mankind. Wilkomm, a natural history professor. Methods of Punishments to Heretics: Tourist Spots in Prague The Pulley They were toured to some sightsin Prague - The pulley is known as the strappado or the garrucha this Tomb of Copernicus was the first method of torture the Inquisition usually Museum of Natural History applied. Cave of San JuanNepomuceno, Catholic martyr - Executioners would hoist the victim up to the ceiling using a rope with their hands tied securely behind their back. Vienna, Austria They were then suspended about six feet from the floor. Also called the “Queen of the Danube” - In this position, heavy iron weights, usually amounting to They stayed at the Hotel Metropole Met Norfenfals, a about 45 kg, were attached to their feet. famous Austrian novelist. - The executioners would then pull on the rope, then The two cruised the Danube River suddenly allowing it to slack causing the victim to fall. J.A.K.E 4 of 5  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: WK5 – MADRID STUDIES TO TOUR OF EUROPE The Rack ‘The Heretics fork’ - The rack is a favorite of the Inquisition. A rectangular frame, - ‘The Heretics fork’ is a metal rod with two prongs at both with a roller at one or both ends. ends attached to a leather strap worn around the neck. The - The victim's ankles are fastened to one roller and the wrists top fork was placed on the fleshy part under the chin, while are chained to the other handle and ratchet mechanism the other end dug into the bone of the sternum, keeping the attached to the top roller are used to very gradually neck stretched and the head erect at all times. increase the tension on the chains, inducing excruciating - Ensuring optimal agony was simple. A person wearing the pain, straining the ropes until the sufferer's joints were heretic’s fork was kept from lying down by either being dislocated and eventually separated. hung from the ceiling or suspended in some manner that - Additionally, if muscle fibres are stretched excessively they proved distressing. lose their ability to contract, rendering them ineffective. - Those wearing the device were only able to murmur to their ‘The Pear of Anguish’ torturers; any movement of the jaw would force the sharp - ‘The Pear of Anguish’ is quite possibly one of the most prongs to further penetrate their skin. It was effective for gruesome and painful methods. long use because victims usually died of sleep deprivation - This device would be inserted into an appropriate orifice – and fatigue. those accused of Blasphemy the mouth, those accused of ‘Toca’ sodomy into the anus, and women accused of adultery, - ‘Toca’ or Waterboarding is a method of torture wherein the incest or of ‘sexual union with Satan or his familiars’ in the victim’s face is covered with a cloth, and water is poured vagina. onto the cloth, so that they had the impression of drowning. - There was no set mode of use for generic Heretics, with freedom bestowed upon the Torturer. The instrument would then be progressively expanded, and I’m sure not much is left to the imagination……… ‘The Turtle’ - ‘The Turtle’ is a method wherein the accused Heretic would be placed under a wooden board, and large stones placed on top, causing crushing pain and slow suffocation. ‘The Iron Boot’ - ‘The Iron Boot’ affectionately known as bootikens is designed to crush the foot and legs. These were boots that went from the person's ankles to knees. Wedges were hammered up the length of the boot into the person's leg, breaking and crushing bones as it went. ‘The Breast Ripper’ - ‘The Breast Ripper’ or the ‘Spanish Spider’ the name of this device speaks for itself. Women condemned of heresy, blasphemy, adultery, and witchcraft often felt the wrath of this device as it violently tore a breast from their torso. The ‘Judas Cradle’ - The ‘Judas Cradle’ is another particularly painful and humiliating torture. The victim was stripped, hoisted and hung over this pointed pyramid with iron belts. - Their legs were stretched out frontwards, or their ankles pulled down by weights. - The tormentor would then drop the accused onto the pyramid penetrating both orifices. With their muscles contracted, they were usually unable to relax and fall asleep. The ‘Head crusher’ - The ‘Head crusher’ is a brutal torture device commonly used only by the Spanish Inquisition. The person’s chin was placed over a bottom bar and the head under an upper metal cap. - The executioner then slowly turned the screw, gradually compressing the head between the bar and cap. Teeth and the jaw would often break first, with the eyes slightly later – it was such an effective method as the pain could be extended for as long as the torturer wished, or as long as it took for a confession. J.A.K.E 5 of 5