WHAT-IS-PHILOSOPHY.pptx

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? derived from the Greek words philos (love) and sophia (wisdom) philosopher means lover of wisdom philosophy is the knowledge of all things through their ultimate causes, acquired through the use of reason WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? the study of the...

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? derived from the Greek words philos (love) and sophia (wisdom) philosopher means lover of wisdom philosophy is the knowledge of all things through their ultimate causes, acquired through the use of reason WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? the study of the general and fundamental nature of reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS PYTHAGORAS (570 BCE TO 495 BCE) Ionian Greek Philosopher Known for his Pythagorean Theorem in geometry  HERACLITUS (535 BCE TO 475 BCE) He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos. For him, change is a permanent aspect of the human condition as he was credited with the saying "No man ever steps in the river twice" He was called “The Obscure” and “The Weeping Philosophers”  DEMOCRITUS (460 BCE TO 370 BCE) He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms. DIOGENES OF SINOPE (412 BCE TO 323 BCE) Advocated for living a simple and virtuous life. Believed virtue should be demonstrated through both words and actions. Emphasized austerity and simplicity, sometimes to extremes, and lived like a beggar. Criticized prominent philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. His teachings influenced later philosophical schools such as Cynicism and Stoicism.  EPICURUS (341 BCE TO 270 BCE) He believed that hilosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness. Founder of Epicureanism, a school of philosophy. He also shared the idea with Democritus that everything is made of small, indivisible particles (atoms) SOCRATES (470 BCE TO 399 BCE) Known as a leading philosopher of ancient times Made a significant contributions to ethics Criticized other intellectuals of his time Did not claim to be wise himself, instead saw himself as a “midwife” helping others achieve wisdom SOCRATES (470 BCE TO 399 BCE) He also believed that philosophy could guide a person to live a virtuous (morally good) life He was credited with formulating the Socratic Method PLATO (1 427 BCE TO 1 347 BCE) A student of Socrates Wrote down Socrates’ teachings and added his own ideas His teachings and writtings were considered the foundation of Western philosophy Theory of Forms Focused on studying and proposing an ideal society Suggested a model of government ruled by wisdom and reason He developed the Dialectic Method PLATO (1 427 BCE TO 1 347 BCE) He established the Academy of Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the western world  ARISTOTLE (384 BCE TO 322 BCE) He attended Plato’s Academy and was a prominent student of Plato Involved in a great variety of diciplines such as zoology, psychology, ethics and politics Proposed a system for classifying plants and animals His work in logic led to the development of deductive reasoning