week2-four.pptx

GENERAL CHEMISTRY Formulas of Common Chemical Substances/Component of Consumer Products  CONSUMER PRODUCTS Consumer products, also referred to as final goods, are products that are bought by individuals or households for personal use. Name a common chemical found in :...

GENERAL CHEMISTRY Formulas of Common Chemical Substances/Component of Consumer Products  CONSUMER PRODUCTS Consumer products, also referred to as final goods, are products that are bought by individuals or households for personal use. Name a common chemical found in : sugar Name a common chemical found in : Carbonated water H2CO3 Name a common chemical found in : Sodium hydroxide NaOH Name a common chemical found in : Sodium hypochlor ite NaClO Name a common chemical found in : Isopropyl alcohol C3H8O COMPONENTS OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS Household cleaning products although frequently used contain some of toxic or hazardous substances COMPONENTS OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS ABRASIVES. Abrasives are materials that remove dirt by rubbing. Examples are rottenstone, whiting, pumice, volcanic ash, quartz, marble, feldspar, silica, sandpaper, plastic, and nylon meshes; steel wools are abrasives COMPONENTS OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS ACIDS Acids are beneficial in removing hard-water deposits, discoloration from aluminum, brass, bronze, and copper and iron rust stains Very Mild: Vinegar is about 5% acid and counteracts oven cleaners. Vinegar removes hard-water deposits from glassware. Lemon juice is a citric acid and works in much the same way as does vinegar. Very Strong: Oxalic acid is especially effective as a rust remover and is very poisonous. It is sometimes found in toilet bowl cleaners. Hydrochloric and sulfuric acid are used in dilute concentrations in some toilet bowl cleaners. COMPONENTS OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS ALKALIES Alkalies are soluble salts that are effective in removing dirt without excessive rubbing. They are good grease removers because the alkalies form an emulsion, a mixture where oily or solid particles are held in suspension Mild: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate-NaHCO3) is an example of a mild alkali. Moderate: Household ammonia is a dilute mixture of 5 to 10% ammonia gas in water. It can be found in all-purpose cleaners, oven cleaners, and window cleaners. Borax is a white crystalline powder, and trisodium phosphate (TSP) is a crystalline powder found in some all-purpose cleaners. Very Strong: Washing soda, also called sal soda, is sodium carbonate. Lye is a sodium hydroxide and is also called caustic soda, which can be found in some oven cleaners and drain cleaners. COMPONENTS OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS BLEACHE S Chlorine generally is the most common bleach used in household cleaning products. However, new non-chlorine bleaches are becoming more popular, mainly because they are safer to use and store.  COMPONENTS OF HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS DETERGENTS Some laundry detergents may be used for housecleaning jobs. Detergents loosen dirt, and if complex soluble phosphates (called “builders”) are added to a detergent, they will remove oily dirt. If a builder is added, the cleaning product is marked “heavy duty” or “all-purpose.” SANITIZERS Sanitizers are chemicals that reduce the number of bacteria and often are used in cleaning bathrooms and washing dishes. Use with caution and follow the directions on the bottle. SPIRIT SOLVENTS Most polishes and waxes for wood furniture and floors contain a spirit solvent. These solvents are like the fluids used in dry- cleaning processes because they remove oily dirt. COMPONENTS OF BEVERAGES 1. WATER Water comprises large percentage, about 90% of component in most beverages. It is usually a soft water produces by a reverse osmosis 2. SUGAR AND SWEETENERS Soft drinks other than low calories contain sugar of about 1%-12%. It enhances the taste of soft drinks to give satisfying taste COMPONENTS OF BEVERAGES 3. FRUIT JUICES Fruit juices are extract from fruits which are rich source of various nutrients and bioactive compounds such as fiber, sugars, organic acids, phosphate, mineral and vitamins as well as color, flavor and antioxidants 4. ACIDITY REGULATORS AND CARBON DIOXIDE The carbonation of soft drinks ranges from 1.5 to 5 g/L. Acidity regulators is added to improve taste and flavor. It also play an important role in the natural preservation of soft drinks COMPONENTS OF BEVERAGES 5. FLAVORING AND COLORING Flavors and colors are added to the product to be more appealing and enhance the flavor. Both are changes thru time and regulated by some government agency such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA. Colorings are categories into natural colors, artificial color, and caramels. Flavorings are used in comparatively small amount and has different types such as natural, natural-identical, and artificial. COMPONENTS OF BEVERAGES 6. PRESERVATIVES Chemical preservatives are used to improve the microbiological stability of soft drinks. The types of chemical preservatives to be used is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of both the preservatives and beverages