Formula of Common Chemical Substances PDF

FORMULA OF COMMON CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Prepared By: Engr. Jessa Mae T. Aguimbag, RChT PICTURE ANALYSIS 1. What is the picture all about? 2. Which substance is being represented by that structure? (Clue: It is the universal solvent) 3...

FORMULA OF COMMON CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Prepared By: Engr. Jessa Mae T. Aguimbag, RChT PICTURE ANALYSIS 1. What is the picture all about? 2. Which substance is being represented by that structure? (Clue: It is the universal solvent) 3. What is the formula of that universal solvent? Explain your answer. ELEMENTS It is a pure substance which consists of identical atoms or molecules with only one core of an atom. Classification of Elements METALS elements that have a tendency to lose electrons in order to achieve stability, exhibiting electro positivity. Metals are further divided into three groups: Main Group Metals, Transition Metals, and f-block metals. Classification of Elements NON-METALS Are elements that have a tendency to gain electrons in order to achieve stability, i.e. they have electronegativity. Classification of Elements METALLOIDS – Metalloids are elements with characteristics that fall between metals and nonmetals. COMPOUND It is a pure substance which consists of identical atoms or molecules with two or more different types of atomic core bound together. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS IONIC COMPOUNDS – They are generated when a metal and a nonmetal combine. Because they include ions, they are also known as electrovalent compounds. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS COVALENT COMPOUNDS – They are created when two non-metals interact. They are also referred to as molecular compounds. CHEMICAL FORMULA It is symbolic expression of a compound or substance. It is also described as shorthand of expressing the types and the number of atoms in a substance. HOW TO DECODE A MOLECULAR FOMULA STEP 1: underline the Capital Letters. This will tell you how many elements are in your molecule STEP 2: Symbols – Write the symbols of the molecule has in the symbol column HOW TO DECODE A MOLECULAR FOMULA STEP 3: Element Name – Use the periodic table to identify what elements are in your molecule STEP 4: How many atoms? STEP 5: Determine the common name of the given chemical formula EXAMPLE EXAMPLE  NAME OF USES FORMULA COMPOUND Isopropyl alcohol Antiseptic/ (CH3)2CHOH disinfectant Agua oxigenada Antiseptic/ H 2O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) disinfectant Baking soda (sodium Cleaning, NaHCO3 bicarbonate) deodorizing, buffering, fire extinguishing NAME OF COMPOUND USES FORMULA Plaster of Paris (2 Mixed with water and (CaSO4)2 moles calcium sulfate poured into a mold to H2O monohydrate) make models and casts for broken limbs Vinegar (4-6% acetic Preservative and CH3COOH acid) condiments Milk of Magnesia Antacid Mg(OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide) Muriatic acid cleaning HCl (hydrochloric acid