Week No. 3- Topic 4- Software.pptx

Chapter 04: Software: Systems and Application Software Stair, Reynolds and Chesney: Principles of Business Information Systems, Fourth edition (9781473774605) © Cengage Learning 2021 Principles • Systems and application software are critical in helping individuals and organizations achieve their...

Chapter 04: Software: Systems and Application Software Stair, Reynolds and Chesney: Principles of Business Information Systems, Fourth edition (9781473774605) © Cengage Learning 2021 Principles • Systems and application software are critical in helping individuals and organizations achieve their goals • Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage • Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate for the task at hand, considering the skills and experience of the programming staff • The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Software • Software consists of computer programs that control the workings of computer hardware • A computer program is a sequence of instructions for the computer • The two types of software are System Software and Application Software For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning System software  Controls the operations of computer hardware.  Supports the application programs’ problemsolving capabilities  Types of systems software: – Operating systems – Utility programs – Middleware For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Operating System • Operating system (OS), is a set of programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with applications. For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Operating System  Functions of OS: • Get input from the keyboard or another input device. • Retrieve data from disks. • Store data on disks. • Display information on a monitor or printer. • Provide a user interface. For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Operating System • User interface and input/output management – User interface: Allows individuals to access and command the computer system – Command-based user interface: Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities – Graphical user interface (GUI): Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system – Natural user interface Allow people to use touch screens For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Operating System • Memory Management: Allows computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processing • Processing Tasks: – Multitasking: More than one program can run at the same time – Time-sharing: Allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time – Scalability: Ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Operating System • Networking capability: Allows computers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources • Access to system resources and security: • Protection against unauthorized access • OS establishes a logon procedure • File management: Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning OS Tasks For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Common Operating Systems • Microsoft Windows: Around 90% of all PCs run Microsoft operating software, the various versions and editions of Windows • Apple Computer Operating Systems: especially popular in the fields of publishing, education, graphic arts, music, movies, and media • Linux (or ‘GNU Linux’) : Linux is open source software, which means it is free and anyone can see program code (although most users would not want to) For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Workgroup Operating Systems • These support high end network usage, data-storage requirements, and data-processing speeds. • Windows Server • UNIX • NetWare • Red Hat Linux • Mac OS X Server For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Enterprise Operating Systems • New mainframe computers provide the computing and storage capacity to meet massive data-processing requirements and offer high performance and excellent system availability, strong security, and scalability • z/OS: an OS from IBM which makes it easier and less expensive for users to run large mainframe computers • MPE/iX, HP-UX, and Linux For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Mobile Operating Systems • These OS are also called embedded operating systems because they are typically embedded within a device – a phone, digital camera, TV, etc. • Palm OS • Windows Embedded & Windows Mobile • Android For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Utility programs Utility programs: help perform maintenance or correct problems with a computer system  Hardware Utilities  Virus-Detection and Recovery Utilities  File-Compression Utilities  Spam and Pop-Up Blocker Utilities  Network and Internet Utilities: monitor hardware and network performance and trigger an alert when a web server is crashing or a network problem occurs  Server and Mainframe Utilities For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Middleware • Middleware is software that allows different systems to communicate and exchange data. • It can also be used as an interface between the Internet and older legacy systems. (Legacy software is a previous, major version that continues to be used) • Middleware could be used to transfer a request for information from a corporate customer on the corporate website to a traditional database on a mainframe computer and return the results to the customer on the Internet. For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Application software • Application software, or Applications, give people, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks. • When you need the computer to do something, you use one or more application programs. • Users are more concerned about application software than system software For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Overview of application software • A company can develop a one-of-a-kind program for a specific application. • This Proprietary software is not in the public domain – you can’t walk into a shop and buy it. • Alternatively, a company can purchase an existing software program called off-the-shelf software because it can literally be purchased ‘off-the-shelf’ in a shop • Off-the-shelf software is cheaper and often more reliable than proprietary software, but it may not meet company needs exactly For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Common applications • • • • • Word Processing Spreadsheet Analysis Database Applications Graphics Programs Software Suites and Integrated Software Packages: e.g. Sun Microsystems’s StarOffice and MS Office For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Software issues and trends • Software Bugs – Defect in a program that keeps it from performing as it should » Some tips for reducing impact of software bugs: – Register all software – Check read-me files for work-arounds – Access support area of the manufacturer’s Web site for patches – Install latest software updates For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Software issues and trends • Copyrights and Licenses » Most software products are protected by law using copyright or licensing provisions: – In some cases, you are given unlimited use of software on one or two computers – In other cases, you pay for your usage; if you use the software more, you pay more » Some software now requires that you register or activate it before it can be fully used For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Software issues and trends Copyrights and Licenses For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Summary • Computer programs: sequences of instructions for the computer • Systems software: coordinates the activities of hardware and programs • Applications software: helps users solve particular problems • Operating system (OS): set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Summary (continued) • Graphical user interface (GUI): user interface that uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system • Command-based interface: users types commands at a prompt • Proprietary software: one-of-a-kind program for a specific application, usually developed and owned by a single company • Off-the-shelf software: existing software program that is purchased For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning Summary (continued) • Programming languages: allow humans to communicate instructions to be executed by a computer • Most software products are protected by law using copyright or licensing provisions • Open-source software is freely available to anyone in a form that can be easily modified For use with Principles of Business Information Systems, 4e by Stair, Reynolds & Chesney © 2021 Cengage Learning