Week 9 Key Thinker: Noam Chomsky and the Propaganda Model PDF

WEEK 9 Key Thinker Noam Chomsky Good day, everyone Let's begin Noam Chomsky Brief Background Born in 1928 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania and went on to earn his Ph.D in the field. Chomsky’s early linguistic research laid the foundat...

WEEK 9 Key Thinker Noam Chomsky Good day, everyone Let's begin Noam Chomsky Brief Background Born in 1928 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania and went on to earn his Ph.D in the field. Chomsky’s early linguistic research laid the foundation for his later work in Media and Communications. Brief Background (cont.) An American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism. Sometimes called "the father of modern linguistics", Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy and one of the founders of the field of cognitive science.  Propaganda Model of Media Edward Herman & Noam Chomsky o Role of media o Educate o Inform o Entertain o Inculcate o Wealth and major conflicts of class interest  Propaganda Model of Media Edward Herman & Noam Chomsky (cont.) o Fulfill their role requires systematic propaganda o Now a Day Media looks like free o It is chained by the elite o Manufacturing Consent 1988  Propaganda Model of Media Edward Herman & Noam Chomsky (cont.) o Model focuses on this inequality of wealth and power o Multilevel effects on mass-media interests and choices o The raw material of news must pass through successive five filters o Leaving only the cleansed residue fit to print  Propaganda Model of Media Edward Herman & Noam Chomsky (cont.) o Even Journalists are convinced on news value o System is built in a fundamental way o Alternative path for news is impossible o Leaving only the cleansed residue fit to print  Five Filters Second Fourth First Third Fifth The Flak and the advertising enforcers Size, license to do Sourcing mass Anti-communi ownership, business media news sm as a and profit control orientation of mechanism the mass media  The First Filter Size, ownership, and profit orientation of the mass media o James Curran and Jean Seaton o Radical Press emerged in early 19th century o Working-class audience o Unified the workers  The First Filter Size, ownership, and profit orientation of the mass media (cont.) o Expensive security bond as a condition for publication o Imposing various taxes designed o After 1869 not a single daily was established in Britain o Eclipse of the national radical  The First Filter Size, ownership, and profit orientation of the mass media (cont.) o Industrialisation of the press o Pre-television news markets were local  The Second Filter The advertising license to do business o Advertising serve as a powerful mechanism weakening the working-class press o Accomplish what state taxes and harassment failed to do o Advertisers acquired a de facto licensing authority o Without advertisement, newspapers ceased to be economically viable.  The Second Filter The advertising license to do business (cont.) o Circulation was supposed to cover the cost o Advertisement made it below the price of production o The advertiser's choices influence media prosperity and survival o Working-class and radical papers have been at a serious disadvantage  The Second Filter The advertising license to do business (cont.) o Readers are not purchasers o Crucial importance of audience "quality" o Public-television station WNET lost its corporate funding o "Hungry for Profit"  The Third Filter Sourcing mass-media news o Symbiotic relationship with powerful sources of information o Economic necessity and reciprocity of interest o The principle of bureaucratic affinity, Mark Fisherman o Protect from criticisms of bias, they need material that can be portrayed as presumptively accurate  The Third Filter Sourcing mass-media news (cont.) o Facilitates to gather o Advance copies of speeches and forthcoming reports o Mutual dependency o The powerful can use personal relationships, threats, and rewards to further influence the media  The Fourth Filter Flak and the enforcers o "Flak" refers to negative response o Letters o Telegrams o Phone calls o Lawsuits o Speeches  The Fourth Filter Flak and the enforcers (cont.) o Uncomfortable and costly to the media o Positions have to be defended within the organisation o Sometimes before legislatures o Even in courts  The Fourth Filter Flak and the enforcers (cont.) o Advertisers may withdraw o Flak from the powerful can be either direct or indirect o Government is a major producer of flak o Assailing, threatening, and "correcting" the media  The Fifth Filter Anti-communism as a control mechanism o Ideology of anti-communism o Mobilise the populace against an enemy o Serves as a political-control mechanism o Exercise a profound influence on media  The Fifth Filter Anti-communism as a control mechanism (cont.) o Taliban use to torture citizen so human rights were used as a propoganda tool o Taliban a hero was also part of the propaganda campaign o Propaganda campaigns in general have been closely attuned to elite interests Noam Chomsky - The 5 Filters of the Mass Media Machine The general population doesn't know what's happening, and it doesn't even know that it doesn't know. ― Noam Chomsky Thank you! 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