Week 5 Cognitive Learning Theory PDF

EDTE 202: Psychology of Human Learning Dr. John Sedofia Department of Teacher Education [email protected]  Warm Up/Previous Lesson Select the correct answer in each of the questions bellow. 1. A salesperson signs an...

EDTE 202: Psychology of Human Learning Dr. John Sedofia Department of Teacher Education [email protected]  Warm Up/Previous Lesson Select the correct answer in each of the questions bellow. 1. A salesperson signs an agreement that her salary increases should be 4. When reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable amount renegotiated every year. Which schedule of reinforcement best explains of work has been done, it is referred to as … this? A. Variable ratio schedule A. Variable ratio schedule B. Variable interval schedule B. Variable interval schedule C. Fixed ratio schedule C. Fixed ratio schedule D. Fixed interval schedule D. Fixed interval schedule 5. A teacher asked Joojo to stand for five minutes in class, for bullying a colleague. Standing up is … 2. Reinforcing a learner when they put up a behaviour that is close to the A. Positive reinforcement desired goal is called… B. Negative reinforcement A. Chaining C. Punishment type 1 B. Extinction D. Punishment type 2 C. Generalization 6. A dog has learnt to stand up on a chair and jump through a D. Shaping window to get food. The food serves as... 3. The schedule of reinforcement that produces scalloping effect is… A. Negative reinforcement B. Positive reinforcement A. Fixed interval C. Punishment type 1 B. Fixed ratio D. Punishment type 2 C. Variable interval D. Variable ratio Answers to Warm-Up Exercise 1. D. Fixed interval 2. D. Shaping 3. A. Fixed interval 4. B. Variable ratio 5. C. Punishment type 1 6. B. Positive reinforcement Unit 5 Cognitive Learning Theory Lesson This lesson introduces students to Jean Description Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. The lesson will focus on the stages of cognitive development. Key characteristics and accomplishments of children at each of the stages will be discussed. This would enable student students to appreciate themselves and the varying characteristics of learners in schools. The implications of the key milestones across these stages and their implications for teaching would be explored.  Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: state Piaget’s views on cognitive development, describe the stages of cognitive development according to Piaget, explain the characteristics of children at any given Piagetian level of cognitive development, discuss the accomplishments of the child at each Piagetian stage examine the educational implications of cognitive development theory. Individual Task What are Jean Piaget’s views on cognitive development? Contrast the behaviorist and cognitivist views on learning. Share your responses with the class. Piaget’s Views on Cognitive Learning Cognitive development refers to the changes in reasoning, thinking, and language acquisition. It deals with how individuals gain and store knowledge of their environment. Jean Piaget's (1936) theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment. Contrast Behaviorism and Cognitivism  Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of development. His theory focuses on understanding both how children acquire knowledge and the nature of intelligence. Piaget believed that children are actively involved in the learning process, as they make observations, and learn about the world. Individual Activity 1. List Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. 2. Describe 3 characteristics of the child at each of the stages of cognitive development. 3. What is the major achievement or accomplishment of the child at each of the stages of cognitive development? 4. Discuss 2 educational implications for each of the stages of cognitive development. The Sensori-motor Stage (0 -2) Children at this stage acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects. A child’s entire experiences at this earliest period occurs through basic reflexes, senses, and motor responses. Their major intellectual activity centres on the interaction of the senses and the environment. Children learn about the world through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening. The Sensori-motor Stage (0 -2) Cont’d Children engage in visual pursuit, which refers to the behaviour of the child following objects with their eyes as the object moves. Children also exhibit “out of sight, out of mind.” A major accomplishment at this stage is object permanence or object constancy, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen is as well an important feature of this stage. The Preoperational Stage (2 – 7 years) Children at this stage are no longer limited to their immediate sensory environment. The quality of thinking improves significantly at the preoperational stage. There is emergence of language. Children at this stage think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects. The average 2 year-old understands between 200 and 300 words, while the average 5 year-old understands about 2000 words. The Preoperational Stage (2 – 7 years) Cont’d. Typically, children at this stage exhibit: ❖Egocentrism: ❖Animism: ❖Conservation: Major Accomplishment The major accomplishment of the preoperational child is the development of language and symbolic thought. The Concrete Operational Stage (7 -11 Years)  Formal Operational Stage (Age 11+ - Adolescence and Adulthood) Whole Group Discussion What are the educational implications of Piaget’s levels of cognitive development?  Educational Implications of Piaget’s Levels of Cognitive Development Teachers should consider the cognitive Teachers should use developmental level of Teachers should not learners when choosing assume that children active methods that teaching methods. require rediscovering are a tabula rasa— or reconstructing blank slate/sheet "truths." Educational (know nothing). Implications of Teachers should Cognitive make room for Development Teachers should use TLMs. The materials individual differences should also match the in cognitive ability. Teachers should adapt age and cognitive level their teaching to suit a of the learner. particular stage of cognitive development. Lesson Evaluation In two lines, state Piaget’s views on cognitive development. Explain the characteristics of children preoperational stage of cognitive development. Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is associated with junior high school children? A major achievement of the child at the concrete operation stage is … State two implications of Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.