Applied Pathophysiology Lecture Notes (2022) PDF

Lecture Material is adapted from © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease Chapter 9: Altered Acid-Base Balance Module 1: Acid-Base Imbalance Dr. Romeo Batacan Jr. MPAT12001 Medical Pathophysiology Lect...

Lecture Material is adapted from © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease Chapter 9: Altered Acid-Base Balance Module 1: Acid-Base Imbalance Dr. Romeo Batacan Jr. MPAT12001 Medical Pathophysiology Lecture Series Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams &Wilkins Acid-base Balance pH affects all functional proteins and biochemical reactions, so closely regulated Normal pH of body fluids Arterial blood: pH 7.4 Venous blood and IF fluid: pH 7.35 ICF: pH 7.0 Alkalosis or alkalemia: arterial pH >7.45 Acidosis or acidemia: arterial pH 45mmHg Alkalosis pCO2 < 35mmHg 3. Check the bicarbonate level (22‐26mEq/L) Acidosis HCO3 < 22mEq/L Alkalosis HCO3 > 26mEq/L Using blood values to determine the cause of acidosis or alkalosis 4. Match pCO2 or HCO3 with the pH Remember RO‐ME Respiratory Opposite When pH is up, PCO2 is down = Alkalosis When pH is down, PCO2 is up = Acidosis Metabolic Equal When pH is up, HCO3 is up = Alkalosis When pH is down, HCO3 is down = Acidosis 5. Determine Compensation If pH is NORMAL, PCO2 and HCO3 are both ABNORMAL = Compensated If pH is ABNORMAL, PCO2 and HCO3 are both ABNORMAL = Partially Compensated If pH is ABNORMAL, PCO2 or HCO3 is ABNORMAL = Uncompensated Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid and BaseBalance