Textile Fibre Properties PDF

TEXTILE FIBRE PROPERTIES  Definition of Fibers Fibers are the fundamental units of textiles. Long, slender thread-like structures of cells. The smallest entities of textiles we wear. Units of matter capable of being spun into yarn or made into fabric by various methods...

TEXTILE FIBRE PROPERTIES  Definition of Fibers Fibers are the fundamental units of textiles. Long, slender thread-like structures of cells. The smallest entities of textiles we wear. Units of matter capable of being spun into yarn or made into fabric by various methods.  Staple fibre Short fibres measured in inches or centimeters They range in length from 2 to 46 cm All natural fibres are available only in staple form It may be natural or continuous fibres cut to a staple length  Filament Long continuous fibrous structures. Ranging in length from a few hundred meters (silk) to several kilometers (man-made fibers). Thickness of filaments is similar to that of fibers. Fibre classification  at a competitive price fibre properties length to width ratio strength Primary fibre properties flexibility cohesiveness Required for manufacturing uniformity or processing the fibre into yarn or fabric.  Influence thermal property consumer to select and affect color processing mass recovery Secondary resiliency fibre properties elongation abrasion resistance luster moisture absorption  Fiber Length: Primary Average length of the fiber, with a minimum of 5 mm. propertie Determines the overall quality and utility of the fiber. s Length to Width Ratio (L/W): Fiber should have a minimum ratio of 1:100. 1-length to A minimum ratio of 100 is considered essential width ratio for processing, with most fibers having significantly higher ratios. Fibers shorter than 1.3 cm are seldom used in yarn manufacturing.  Primary properties 1-length to width ratio Fiber Length: Average length of the fiber, with a minimum of 5 mm. Determines the overall quality and utility of the fiber. Length to Width Ratio (L/W): Fiber should have a minimum ratio of 1:100. A minimum ratio of 100 is considered essential for processing, with most fibers having significantly higher ratios. Fibers shorter than 1.3 cm are seldom used in yarn manufacturing.  2 - Strength Tensile Tenacity: Strength: Maximum stress Tensile strength required to expressed as rupture a fiber, force per unit of measured in linear density, pounds per typically in grams square inch (psi) per denier (g/d) or or grams per grams per tex. square centimeter (gf/mm²). Examples of units for expressing Influences the tensile strength: durability and psi, gf/mm². performance of  Tenacity and Linear Density Tenacity Strength per unit linear density Usually expressed as: g/d (grams per denier) gf/d (gram-force per denier) mN/t (millinewton per tex) Linear Density Units Denier Mass in grams of 9,000 meters of material Tex Mass in grams of 1,000 meters of material Fiber Flexibility The ability of a fiber to bend and fold without breaking Fibers with good flexibility: Can wrap around other fibers during spinning Create yarns and fabrics with Flexibil good drape and hand ity Are easier to spin into yarn Stiff, inflexible fibers: Are difficult to spin into yarn Create fabrics with poor drape May break during processing Cellulosic fibers have good flexibility  Cohesiveness Spinning quality The property of individual fibres to hold on to one another when spun into yarn the surface contours of fibres cotton fibres convolutions or twist wool fibres scales manmade fibres produce coils, crimps or zigzag shapes Unevenness of the fibre surfaces Why cohesion is less important for filament fibres than for staple fibre?  Uniformity Allows fibers to be processed together with less difficulty. manufactured fibers Virtually identical in a run or lot natural fibers Subject to growth irregularities and are not uniform