Textile Fiber Basics

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Questions and Answers

What primarily defines a staple fiber?

  • Fibers available only in filament form
  • Fabrics manufactured by weaving fibers
  • Short fibers measured in inches or centimeters (correct)
  • Long continuous fibrous structures

Which property determines the overall quality and utility of a fiber?

  • Cohesiveness
  • Elongation
  • Moisture absorption
  • Fiber length (correct)

What is the minimum length to width ratio (L/W) required for processing fibers?

  • 1:50
  • 1:200
  • 1:100 (correct)
  • 1:300

Which of the following describes filament fibers?

<p>Long continuous fibrous structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does fiber flexibility influence in textile manufacturing?

<p>The ability to spin fibers into yarn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primary property affects how consumers select fibers?

<p>Color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is least likely to be considered a primary property of fiber?

<p>Moisture absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What range defines the typical length of staple fibers?

<p>2 to 46 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum ratio considered essential for processing fibers?

<p>100 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical unit for measuring tensile strength?

<p>grams per denier (A), pounds per square inch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fibers are usually shorter than 1.3 cm and seldom used in yarn manufacturing?

<p>Short fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes fibers with good flexibility?

<p>Can wrap around other fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cohesion less important for filament fibers compared to staple fibers?

<p>Filament fibers are uniform in structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the units used to express linear density?

<p>Tex and Denier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of using stiff, inflexible fibers?

<p>Difficult to process into yarn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'tenacity' in the context of fibers?

<p>Strength per unit linear density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Textile Fiber

The fundamental unit of textiles, long, slender thread-like structures of cells, which are the smallest entities of textiles.

Staple Fiber

Short fibers, typically measured in inches or centimeters (2-46 cm), often found in natural fibers, which are cut to a specific length and are not continuous fibers.

Filament Fiber

Long, continuous fibers, ranging from hundreds of meters to kilometers in length, and are primarily used for man-made fibers.

Fiber Length

The average length of a fiber, with a minimum of 5 mm, crucial for fiber quality and utility.

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Length to Width Ratio (L/W)

The ratio of fiber length to width, ideally 1:100 or greater for adequate processing, with most fibers exceeding this.

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Primary Fiber Properties

Essential characteristics of a fiber for manufacturing yarn or fabric, including length, strength, flexibility, cohesiveness, and uniformity, among others.

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Secondary Fiber Properties

Characteristics impacting use and end-product features, like thermal, color, recovery properties and the various processing properties of the fiber.

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Tensile Strength

The maximum stress required to rupture a fiber, measured in units like psi or gf/mm².

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Tenacity

Strength per unit linear density, usually expressed as g/d or gf/d.

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Linear Density

Mass per unit length of a fiber (e.g., grams per denier or tex).

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Denier

Mass in grams of 9,000 meters of material.

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Tex

Mass in grams of 1,000 meters of material.

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Fiber Flexibility

Ability of a fiber to bend and fold without breaking.

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Cohesiveness

Property of individual fibers to stick together when spun into yarn.

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Fiber Length (Minimum)

1.3 cm is the minimum length of fibers used in yarn manufacturing.

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Processing Ratio (Minimum)

A ratio of at least 100 is required for most fibers.

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Uniformity (Manufactured Fibers)

Virtually identical fibers in a batch.

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Uniformity (Natural Fibers)

Natural fibers are not uniform due to growth irregularities.

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Study Notes

Fiber Definition

  • Fibers are the fundamental units of textiles.
  • They are long, slender thread-like structures of cells.
  • They are the smallest entities of textiles.
  • They can be spun into yarn or made into fabric.

Staple Fiber

  • Short fibers, measured in inches or centimeters.
  • Lengths range from 2 to 46 cm.
  • All natural fibers are available only in staple form.
  • Can be natural or continuous fibers cut to a staple length.

Filament Fiber

  • Long continuous fibrous structures.
  • Lengths range from a few hundred meters (silk) to several kilometers (man-made fibers).
  • Filament thickness is similar to that of fibers.

Fiber Classification

  • Fibers are categorized as natural or man-made.
  • Natural fibers are further divided into natural vegetable, natural animal, and natural mineral fibers.
  • Man-made fibers are divided into regenerated man-made and synthetic man-made fibers, and other man-made fibers.

Primary Fiber Properties

  • Length: Average length of the fiber, with a minimum of 5 mm. Determines the overall quality and utility of the fiber, 1.3 cm or less are seldom used in yarn manufacturing.
  • Length to Width Ratio (L/W): A ratio of 1:100 is considered essential for processing. Most fibers have significantly higher ratios.
  • Strength: Tensile strength, usually expressed as force per unit of linear density. (g/d or gf/mm²).
  • Flexibility: Ability of the fiber to bend and fold without breaking. Cellulosic fibers generally have good flexibility; Stiff fibers are difficult to spin into yarn.

Secondary Fiber Properties

  • Color
  • Recovery: Ability of the fiber to return to its original shape after being stretched.
  • Luster: The shine or sheen of the fiber.
  • Thermal Properties: (thermal processing)
  • Resiliency: Ability of the fiber to resist deformation under stress.
  • Elongation: The percentage increase in length of a fiber under stress.
  • Abrasion Resistance: Ability of the fiber to resist damage from rubbing.
  • Moisture Absorption: Ability of the fiber to absorb moisture.

Fiber Cohesiveness

  • Refers to the ability of fibers to stick together. Less important for filament fibers than staple fibers.

Fiber Uniformity

  • Allows fibers to be processed more easily. Natural fibers are less uniform than manufactured fibers.

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