Week 2 & 10 - Ethics PDF

Week 2 & 10 Week 2 – research ethics Ethics explores what is considered decent and appropriate human behaviour. Normative ethics Studies ethical action Ethics Focuses on theorising how we ought to behave, what are right and wrong actions Descriptive Ethics Studies ethical beliefs. Focuses on...

Week 2 & 10 Week 2 – research ethics Ethics explores what is considered decent and appropriate human behaviour. Normative ethics Studies ethical action Ethics Focuses on theorising how we ought to behave, what are right and wrong actions Descriptive Ethics Studies ethical beliefs. Focuses on investigating moral beliefs and what motivates people to act ethically Applied Ethics Studies how ethics can be applied to various fields. Focuses on applying ethical theories and principles to particular domains (bioethics, environmental ethics, research ethics).  Normative ethics 3 theories / ways of thinking Consequentialism Deontological Ethics Virtue Ethics Consequentialism Utilitarianism Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham (18th & 19th centuries) The focus is on the consequence of our actions. Main concepts: utility of actions Good intention Greatest good for the greatest number of people Critique Unintended consequences with no good outcomes What happens to people that are excluded? (e.g. money is given to common cancer research, but other rare types of cancer do not get funding)  Deontological Ethics Kant (18th century) We have a duty to behave in a way that is aligned with our rationality and that: Leads to universalisable actions (actions that all people would typically follow e.g. keeping a promise) Is based on humanist principles (dignity/integrity) Main concepts: Categorical imperatives Duty Critique Removes the personal factor (agency) Ignores emotions/feelings (duty supersedes emotions) There could be conflicting duties (e.g. The duty to your family may conflict with the duty to your employer)  Virtue Ethics Aristotle (380 BC) Ethical behaviour results from developing good character through the development of virtues (courage, benevolence, compassion, loyalty). Critique ― What virtues should we be developing? Valued virtues differ depending on the context. ― Virtuous character may not lead to good actions. ― In particular situations virtues could be conflicting Other Ethical Theories Theories That Combine Principles Of Core Ethical Approaches Ethics of Care Duty of care Developed based on the type of people we are Non anthropocentric ethical theories Ethics beyond the impact on humanity Global citizenship A way of living that recognises our world as a complex web of connections, whereby our choices and actions have repercussions for people and communities (locally, nationally or internationally). A global citizen ❖ Aware of how the world works ❖ Values diversity ❖ Participates in the community ❖ Takes responsibility for their actions 4 Principles of ethical research Merit and Integrity (purpose of research, dissemination of results, trained researcher) Justice (fairness to participants in recruitment and effort requested) Beneficence (benefits will outweigh costs) Respect (voluntary nature, privacy, confidentiality)  Week 10 13 National Practice Standards Standard 1: Rights and responsibilities, safety and privacy Privacy, dignity and confidentiality are maintained, and safety is actively promoted. Mental health practitioners implement legislation, regulations, standards, codes and policies relevant to their role in a way that supports people affected by mental health problems and/or mental illness, as well as their families and carers Standard 2: Working with people, families and carers in recovery-focused way In working with people and their families and support networks, mental health practitioners support people to become decision-makers in their own care, implementing the principles of recovery-oriented mental health practice. Standard 3: Meeting diverse needs The social, cultural, linguistic, spiritual and gender diversity of people, families and carers are actively and respectfully responded to by mental health practitioners, incorporating those differences into their practice Standard 4: Working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, families and communities By working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, families and communities, mental health practitioners actively and respectfully reduce barriers to access, provide culturally secure systems of care, and improve social and emotional wellbeing Standard 5: Access Mental health practitioners facilitate timely access to services and provide a high standard of evidence-based assessment that meets the needs of people and their families or carers. Standard 6: Individual planning To meet the needs, goals and aspirations of people and their families and carers, mental health practitioners facilitate access to and plan quality, evidence-based, values-based health and social care interventions. Standard 7: Treatment and support To meet the needs, goals and aspirations of people and their families and carers, mental health practitioners deliver quality, evidence-informed health and social interventions Standard 8: Transitions in care On exit from a service or transfer of care, people are actively supported by mental health practitioners through a timely, relevant and structured handover, in order to maximize optimal outcomes and promote wellness. Standard 9: Integration and partnership People and their families and carers are recognised by mental health practitioners as being part of a wider community, and mental health services are viewed as one element in a wider service network. Practitioners support the provision of coordinated and integrated care across programs, sites and services. Standard 10: Quality improvement In collaboration with people with lived experience, families and team members, mental health practitioners take active steps to improve services and mental health practices using quality improvement frameworks Standard 11: Communication and information management A connection and rapport with people with lived experience and colleagues is established by mental health practitioners to build and support effective therapeutic and professional relationships. Practioners maintain a high standard of documentation and use information systems and evaluation to ensure data collection meets clinical, service delivery, monitoring and evaluation needs. Standard 12: Health promotion and prevention Mental health promotion is an integral part of all mental health work. Mental health practitioners use mental health promotion and primary prevention principles, and seek to build resilience in communities, groups and individuals, and prevent or reduce the impact of mental illness Standard 13: Ethical practice and professional responsibilities The provision of treatment and care is accountable to people, families and carers, within the boundaries prescribed by national, professional, legal and local codes of conduct and practice. Mental health practitioners recognise the rights of people, carers and families, acknowledging power differentials and minimizing them whenever possible. Practitioners take responsibility for maintaining and extending their professional knowledge and skills, including contributing to the learning of others