Week 12 Lecture Slides - Quiz 1 PDF

**28. Why are the Maisin's contributions to the environment significant?**\ a) They emphasize the importance of urban expansion.\ b) They represent a rejection of global sustainability initiatives.\ c) They rely solely on Western environmental organizations.\ d) Their efforts benefit the global envi...

**28. Why are the Maisin's contributions to the environment significant?**\ a) They emphasize the importance of urban expansion.\ b) They represent a rejection of global sustainability initiatives.\ c) They rely solely on Western environmental organizations.\ d) Their efforts benefit the global environment despite being largely unacknowledged.\ e) They reflect the unsustainability of subsistence economies. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** The Maisin play a critical but underrecognized role in global climate change efforts through their preservation of tropical forests. **29. How does anthropology foster mutual understanding?**\ a) By eliminating cultural differences through education.\ b) By standardizing global economic systems.\ c) By creating uniform linguistic frameworks.\ d) By providing tools to bridge cultural and geographic divides.\ e) By rejecting modern influences on traditional cultures. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Anthropology fosters mutual understanding by offering tools to connect diverse cultural and geographic perspectives. **30. How does anthropology help address global challenges?**\ a) By focusing solely on economic solutions.\ b) By rejecting interdisciplinary approaches.\ c) By promoting cultural homogeneity across societies.\ d) By encouraging interdisciplinary insights into societal trends.\ e) By relying on historical precedents exclusively for solutions. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Anthropology provides deep interdisciplinary insights, helping address complex global challenges through a broad understanding of human diversity. **1. How does Ralph Linton define discovery?**\ a) A new application of knowledge.\ b) An addition to existing knowledge.\ c) A process of trial and error without learning.\ d) A form of iterative cultural change.\ e) A result of accidental experimentation. **Correct Answer:** b\ **Explanation:** Linton defines discovery as an addition to knowledge, such as a child learning a cause-and-effect relationship. **2. What does Linton's example of the child pulling the cat's tail illustrate about invention?**\ a) Invention is accidental and unrelated to discovery.\ b) Invention emerges from external influences on behavior.\ c) Invention applies new knowledge creatively to achieve a goal.\ d) Invention builds upon unrelated past experiences.\ e) Invention eliminates the need for iterative learning. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** Invention involves applying knowledge in a novel way, such as using a discovery to manipulate outcomes. **3. What is iterative learning in cultural change?**\ a) A process where discoveries or inventions build upon previous knowledge.\ b) A framework for understanding linguistic change.\ c) A one-time process of adapting to cultural norms.\ d) A method of distinguishing between discovery and invention.\ e) A form of isolated trial and error. **Correct Answer:** a\ **Explanation:** Iterative learning describes the cumulative process where each discovery or invention builds upon the last. **4. What does the evolution of slang terms for \"getting drunk\" illustrate about linguistic change?**\ a) Language evolves primarily due to grammatical shifts.\ b) Slang terms are isolated from social and cultural contexts.\ c) Slang mirrors social trends and cultural attitudes over time.\ d) Modern slang eliminates cultural diversity in language.\ e) Linguistic change is restricted to formal language rules. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** The evolution of slang terms reflects shifting cultural attitudes and societal trends across decades. **5. Which of the following is a modern slang term for being intoxicated?**\ a) Pifflicated.\ b) Juiced.\ c) Boxed.\ d) Bombed.\ e) Fried. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** \"Bombed\" is a modern slang term for being intoxicated, highlighting contemporary lexical innovation. **2. What does Jared Diamond argue about hunter-gatherer societies?**\ a) They are the least successful form of human lifestyle.\ b) They resolved the complexities introduced by agriculture.\ c) They fully integrated with industrialized systems.\ d) They represent the longest-lasting and most successful human lifestyle.\ e) They replaced agriculture as the dominant economic model. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Diamond highlights hunter-gatherer societies as the most enduring and successful human lifestyle in history. **23. How does globalization uniquely impact subsistence-based societies?**\ a) It eliminates traditional practices entirely.\ b) It ensures uniform cultural experiences.\ c) It isolates them from global economic systems.\ d) It introduces opportunities and challenges shaped by local contexts.\ e) It replaces local subsistence systems with industrial agriculture. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Globalization interacts uniquely with subsistence-based societies, presenting opportunities and threats influenced by local conditions. **24. How did the Maisin benefit from international environmental campaigns?**\ a) By rejecting international involvement in their struggles.\ b) By relying on local resources exclusively for sustainability.\ c) By adopting Western agricultural practices.\ d) By forming alliances with NGOs to resist logging threats.\ e) By integrating industrial methods into their subsistence economies. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** The Maisin leveraged NGO support to combat deforestation, exemplifying their strategic engagement with global environmental campaigns. **6. What led to the Beothuk being driven inland from coastal areas?**\ a) Conflict with the Mi'kmaq over fishing rights.\ b) Mass killings orchestrated by European settlers.\ c) European settlers' focus on coastal fishing.\ d) The Beothuk\'s rejection of European trading systems.\ e) Scarcity of inland resources for subsistence. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** European settlers prioritized coastal fishing, forcing the Beothuk to rely on less sustainable inland resources. **7. What does Frederick Rowe suggest about the Beothuk's extinction?**\ a) It resulted from cumulative pressures rather than outright genocide.\ b) It was exclusively caused by European-introduced diseases.\ c) It was primarily due to conflict with the Mi'kmaq.\ d) It was entirely a result of deliberate mass killings.\ e) It occurred because of the Beothuk\'s resistance to cultural assimilation. **Correct Answer:** a\ **Explanation:** Rowe argues that the Beothuk's extinction was caused by cumulative factors, such as malnutrition, disease, and displacement. **8. According to Jared Diamond, what is one unresolved challenge introduced by agriculture?**\ a) Increasing dependency on industrial farming methods.\ b) The over-reliance on reciprocal exchange systems.\ c) Complex social structures that disrupt sustainability.\ d) The abandonment of traditional hunting-gathering systems.\ e) The failure to integrate global economic systems. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** Agriculture introduced complex social structures and challenges that persist in modern societies, according to Diamond. **9. How does globalization affect remote areas like Papua New Guinea?**\ a) It isolates these regions from global trade networks.\ b) It integrates them into global systems without local impact.\ c) It impacts local cultures and environments uniquely.\ d) It eliminates subsistence-based practices entirely.\ e) It prioritizes urban development over local traditions. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** Globalization affects remote areas like Papua New Guinea uniquely, as local cultures interact with global systems in complex ways. **10. How did the Maisin engage with globalization during the 1980s--1990s?**\ a) By adopting Western agricultural practices.\ b) By joining international logging campaigns.\ c) By leveraging NGO support for environmental activism.\ d) By abandoning subsistence gardening for cash economies.\ e) By rejecting interactions with global conservation groups. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** The Maisin received support from international NGOs to combat deforestation during the 1980s--1990s. **11. What was an early goal of cultural anthropology?**\ a) Documenting disappearing cultural worlds.\ b) Developing frameworks for global governance.\ c) Predicting future societal trajectories.\ d) Facilitating economic development in rural areas.\ e) Promoting industrialization across diverse societies. **Correct Answer:** a\ **Explanation:** Early cultural anthropology aimed to document disappearing cultural worlds, influenced by a natural science framework. **12. How have the Maisin navigated cultural negotiation over the past century?**\ a) By rejecting Christianity in favor of traditional spirituality.\ b) By fully integrating into cash economies.\ c) By balancing reciprocal exchange and individualism.\ d) By relying exclusively on environmental activism.\ e) By focusing solely on traditional values. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** The Maisin have balanced traditional reciprocal exchanges with emerging cash economies and global influences. **13. What is one way the Maisin contribute to global environmental preservation?**\ a) By developing industrial-scale conservation projects.\ b) By exporting their sustainable practices globally.\ c) By preserving tropical forests critical to combating climate change.\ d) By adopting Western models of environmental activism.\ e) By rejecting all forms of modernization. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** The Maisin contribute to preserving tropical forests, benefiting global efforts to combat climate change. **14. What lesson does cultural anthropology provide about globalization?**\ a) Globalization affects all cultures identically.\ b) Local cultures resist globalization entirely.\ c) Specificities of local contexts influence how globalization unfolds.\ d) Globalization eliminates the relevance of traditional practices.\ e) Cultural differences are irrelevant in global economic systems. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** Cultural anthropology shows that globalization unfolds differently in various cultural and environmental contexts. **15. How does anthropology facilitate social change?**\ a) By focusing solely on economic development.\ b) By eliminating the need for cultural negotiation.\ c) By promoting institutional accountability and transparency.\ d) By replacing traditional practices with modern alternatives.\ e) By creating uniform cultural systems across societies. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** Anthropology facilitates social change by holding institutions accountable and encouraging transparency. **16. What is an example of iterative learning?**\ a) Learning how to use new technology.\ b) Creating an entirely new process without building on prior knowledge.\ c) Applying discoveries in unrelated contexts.\ d) Building upon past discoveries and inventions to create new solutions.\ e) Reinventing knowledge through unstructured experimentation. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Iterative learning involves building upon previous discoveries or inventions to develop new applications or solutions. **17. How does invention differ from discovery in Ralph Linton's framework?**\ a) It focuses on physical adaptations rather than knowledge.\ b) It emphasizes unintentional learning processes.\ c) It relies exclusively on the observation of others.\ d) It applies knowledge in a novel and practical way.\ e) It is unrelated to iterative learning. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Invention uses knowledge in new, practical ways, often building upon discoveries through iterative learning. **18. What does the evolution of slang terms like \"lit\" and \"bombed\" demonstrate?**\ a) Slang eliminates cultural diversity over time.\ b) Lexical changes primarily affect formal language structures.\ c) Slang terms lose meaning as they evolve.\ d) Slang reflects shifting social and cultural trends.\ e) Lexical innovation is independent of historical context. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** The evolution of slang terms mirrors changes in societal attitudes and cultural contexts over time. **19. How does linguistic change reflect cultural attitudes?**\ a) It ensures consistency in language use across generations.\ b) It focuses exclusively on formal language settings.\ c) It eliminates the relevance of historical terminology.\ d) It adapts to changing societal values and stylistic trends.\ e) It standardizes informal speech across cultures. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Linguistic change reflects cultural shifts by adapting to evolving societal values and trends. **20. What impact did forced inland migration have on the Beothuk?**\ a) It strengthened their cultural identity.\ b) It improved access to vital resources.\ c) It enhanced their hunting capabilities.\ d) It led to malnutrition and weakened their ability to hunt effectively.\ e) It eliminated reliance on coastal ecosystems. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Forced inland migration deprived the Beothuk of coastal resources, leading to malnutrition and weakened hunting practices. **21. Why is the Beothuk's extinction narrative contested?**\ a) Some argue it was a natural outcome of cultural assimilation.\ b) It reflects the dominance of European trading systems.\ c) The Mi'kmaq's role in conflict is overstated.\ d) Historians like Frederick Rowe argue cumulative pressures caused their decline rather than outright genocide.\ e) Some narratives exaggerate the role of disease in their extinction. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Rowe suggests the Beothuk's extinction resulted from cumulative pressures such as disease, displacement, and malnutrition rather than direct genocide. **25. What dilemma do the Maisin's cultural negotiations illustrate?**\ a) The rejection of Christianity in favor of tangible spirituality.\ b) The elimination of reciprocal exchange systems.\ c) The prioritization of global cash economies.\ d) The balance between traditional values and modern influences.\ e) The full adoption of environmental activism as their sole cultural focus. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** The Maisin balance reciprocal exchanges, tangible spirituality, and modern influences, reflecting broader cultural negotiations. **26. How has cultural anthropology's focus shifted over time?**\ a) From documenting disappearing worlds to exploring contemporary human diversity.\ b) From environmental activism to industrial economic models.\ c) From studying historical change to predicting future societal trends.\ d) From focusing on natural sciences to rejecting all modern practices.\ e) From preserving traditional cultures to enforcing cultural uniformity. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** Cultural anthropology has evolved to focus on exploring contemporary challenges and human diversity. **27. How do the Maisin contribute to global climate change efforts?**\ a) By relying on Western environmental strategies.\ b) By introducing industrial-scale forest conservation techniques.\ c) By focusing on urban development as a sustainability model.\ d) By preserving tropical forests critical to combating climate change.\ e) By rejecting modernization to maintain environmental purity. **Correct Answer:** d\ **Explanation:** The Maisin's preservation of tropical forests contributes significantly to global climate change mitigation efforts. **31. What is a broader implication of iterative learning in cultural change?**\ a) It demonstrates how knowledge builds cumulatively over time.\ b) It eliminates the need for future discoveries.\ c) It focuses on isolated instances of invention.\ d) It emphasizes accidental adaptations over intentional ones.\ e) It replaces traditional cultural practices with new ones. **Correct Answer:** a\ **Explanation:** Iterative learning reflects how each discovery or invention builds on prior knowledge, driving cultural evolution. **32. How did European settlers' fishing priorities affect the Beothuk?**\ a) They created opportunities for cultural exchange.\ b) They forced the Beothuk inland, depriving them of coastal resources.\ c) They improved access to coastal resources for the Beothuk.\ d) They encouraged cooperation with the Mi'kmaq.\ e) They supported sustainable resource-sharing practices. **Correct Answer:** b\ **Explanation:** European settlers' focus on fishing displaced the Beothuk, leading to resource scarcity and eventual malnutrition. **33. What is an example of globalization's local impact in Papua New Guinea?**\ a) The abandonment of subsistence gardening.\ b) Logging companies' interactions with subsistence-based communities.\ c) The widespread industrialization of rural areas.\ d) The rejection of international environmental activism.\ e) The full integration of rural areas into global systems. **Correct Answer:** b\ **Explanation:** Logging in Papua New Guinea exemplifies globalization's complex interactions with local, subsistence-based communities. **34. How have anthropological methods evolved over time?**\ a) From studying isolated cultures to documenting modern urban trends.\ b) From focusing on environmental preservation to economic systems.\ c) From documenting \"disappearing worlds\" to addressing contemporary challenges.\ d) From analyzing subsistence practices to focusing on industrialization.\ e) From emphasizing natural sciences to exploring human diversity. **Correct Answer:** c\ **Explanation:** Anthropology shifted from documenting disappearing worlds to addressing modern issues and exploring human diversity. **35. Why are the Maisin's environmental contributions significant?**\ a) They adopt industrial agricultural practices to combat deforestation.\ b) They rely on global conservation groups exclusively for preservation efforts.\ c) They demonstrate the inefficiency of local subsistence economies.\ d) They focus on exporting their practices to other communities.\ e) They preserve tropical forests vital for mitigating climate change. **Correct Answer:** e\ **Explanation:** The Maisin's preservation of tropical forests is critical to global climate change mitigation efforts, despite being underacknowledged.