American Colonialism and Filipino-American War PDF

AMERICAN COLONIALISM AND FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR  COLONIALISM Colonialism is the practice of one country taking full political control of another country and occupying it with settlers for purposes of profiting from its resources and economy.  COLONIALISM Colonial power...

AMERICAN COLONIALISM AND FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR  COLONIALISM Colonialism is the practice of one country taking full political control of another country and occupying it with settlers for purposes of profiting from its resources and economy.  COLONIALISM Colonial powers typically attempt to impose their religion, language, cultural, and political practices on the indigenous population.  IMPERIALISM  Imperialism is a broader concept that refers to the domination of one country or region by another, either through direct political control, economic exploitation, or cultural influence. Unlike colonialism, imperialism does not always involve Imperialism vs. Colonialism  Colonialism uses military force and controls nations, establishing a government to take total control of them. In imperialism, control of other countries can be achieved by indirect strategies like economic and cultural influence.  Imperialism vs. Colonialism  Colonialism – direct control  Imperialsm – indirect control  American Expeditionary forces were sent to Philippines with a mission to destroy the Spanish Armanda in Manila Bay as part of the strategy to defeat the Spaniards in the Spanish – American War ranging at that time in Cuba.  The Americans won, and on the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, the Philippines was ceded to the United States by the Spanish for the paltry sum of US $20 million. FEB. 15, Sinking of USS Maine 189 8 MAY 1, Battle of Manila Bay 189 8 JUN Declaration of Philippine E 12, 189 Independence 8  Release of DEC Benevolent. Assimilation 21, Proclamation 189 8 The Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation Benevolent assimilation refers to a policy of the United States towards the Philippines as described in a proclamation by US president William McKinley that was issued in a memorandum to the U.S. Secretary of War on December 21, 1898, after the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which ended the JAN. Inauguration of the 23, 189 Malolos Republic 9 FEB. San Juan Bridge 4, 189 Incident 9 FILIPINO – AMERICAN WAR  Thinking that Americans were in the Philippines to defeat the Spanish and to help Filipinos gain their independence, Aguinaldo immediately started to set up his own government after arriving on May 19, 1898.  The dictatorial government, established a few days after he had arrived, was later replaced by a FILIPINO – AMERICAN WAR  The First Philippine Republic, now known as the Malolos Republic, was inaugurated, meanwhile on January 23, 1899. By this time, the Treaty of Paris already finalized, tension had been building up between American and Filipino soldiers, with a full- scale clash expected to ensure anytime soon.  The tension between the military force of the Philippines and the US would led to the outbreak of the Philippine – American War FILIPINO – AMERICAN WAR  Several battles were consequently recorded in this three-year conflict. One of which is the infamous Battle of Tirad Pass wherein native forces under the command of General Gregorio del Pilar tried to delay advancing American troops to give Aguinaldo DEC Battle of Tirad. Pass 02, 189 9 FILIPINO – AMERICAN WAR  President Aguinaldo was ultimately captured by the Americans with the help of the Macabebe of Pampanga in the isolated town of Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901. It was on April 19, 1901 that Aguinaldo officially surrendered to the US. MAR Aguinaldo’s arrest in CH 23, Palanan 190 1 APR Aguinaldo’s official. 19, 190 surrender. 1 JAN Establishment of the 20, 189 Schurman Commission. 9 Named after its chairman, Dr. Jacob Gould Schurman Objectives 1.Investigate the political, social, and economic conditions in the Philippines. 2.Assess Filipino aspirations for governance and independence. 3.Recommend policies for U.S. administration of the islands. MAR Establishment of the Taft CH 16, Commission. 190 0 The Taft Commission, or the Second Philippine Commission, established in 1900, had several key objectives and initiatives as it transitioned the Philippines from military to civil governance under U.S. rule.  M AR Establishment of CH the Taft 16 Commission. , 19 Education Reforms 00 Creation of Public School System: Established a nationwide public school system with English as the medium of instruction. Introduced free primary education accessible to Filipinos. Thomasites Program: Sent around 600 American teachers (called Thomasites) to teach English and other subjects, laying the foundation for the modern educational system.  N O Sedition Law was V. enacted. 19 01 This law was introduced during the early years of the American occupation to suppress resistance and anti- colonial sentiments among Filipinos. Its primary purpose was to criminalize any expression, speech, or activity advocating independence from U.S. rule or inciting rebellion against the colonial government.  JUL Y Cooper Act was 01 , passed. 19 02 The Cooper Act, formally known as the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, was a key law passed by the U.S. Congress to establish a framework for civil governance in the Philippines. Transitioned the Philippines from military to civil governance. AU Flag Law was G. 19 07 enacted. This law made it illegal to display the Philippine flag or any emblem, symbol, or paraphernalia associated with the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the United States. The law aimed to suppress nationalist sentiments and prevent the resurgence of revolutionary movements. AU G. Jones Law was enacted 19 16 The Jones Law, officially known as the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, The law contained a preamble that explicitly stated the intention of the United States to grant the Philippines independence once a "stable government" was established.  JAN Hare-Hawes Cutting Act was passed. 19 by the US Congress 33 The Act promised the independence of the Philippines after a 10-year transitional period. During this period, the Philippines would be governed as a Commonwealth with more autonomy than under the previous U.S. colonial government. The Philippines would have a Commonwealth government led by an elected Filipino president, but still under the sovereignty of the United States. (MANUEL QUEZON – FIRST PRESIDENT OF COMMONWEALTH) MAY Ratification of the Philippine 14, 193 Constitution 5 The ratification of the Philippine Constitution refers to the process by which the Constitution of the Philippines was officially approved and adopted as the fundamental law of the land. 1935 Constitution  Philippine Educational System During American Period 1898 American occupied Manila reopened schools where in the American soldiers were the first teacher English - medium of instruction.  Philippine Educational System During American Period Education  should be universal and free for all regardless of sex, age, religion, and socio-economic status of the individual.  was the means of giving people an orientation towards a democratic way  Philippine Educational System During American Period ACT NO. 74 OF 1901:  Enacted into law by the Philippine Commission, the Act created the Department of Public Instruction, laid the foundations of the public school system in the Philippines, provided for the establishment of the Philippine Normal School ( NOW PNU) in Manila and made English as the medium of instruction.  Philippine Educational System During American Period ACT NO. 372 OF 1902: required all provinces to maintain a provincial high school. Act. No. 1870 OF 1908 initiated the establishment and opening of the University of the Philippines (country’s national university).  Philippine Educational System During American Period The Pensionado Act is Act No. 854 of the Philippine Commission, which passed on August 26, 1903. Passed by the United States Congress, it established a scholarship program for Filipinos to attend school in the United States. Students of this scholarship program  LEGACY OF AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD * 1. Education System Public Education: The Americans established the first systematic public school system in the Philippines, making education accessible to many Filipinos. They established institutions like the University of the Philippines (UP) in 1908, which became the country's leading state university.  LEGACY OF AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD 2. Democratic Governance The Americans introduced democracy through the establishment of local and national elections. The Philippine Assembly (1907) was the first legislative body composed of elected  LEGACY OF AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD 3. Economic Transformation The Philippines became a significant trading partner of the United States, with agricultural products like sugar and coconut oil dominating exports.  LEGACY OF AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD 4. Infrastructure Development The Americans built roads, bridges, ports, and railroads to improve transportation and facilitate economic activities. They implemented public health programs to combat diseases like cholera and smallpox, and built hospitals like the  LEGACY OF AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD 5. Cultural Influences Western lifestyles, including clothing, food, and sports like basketball and baseball, were introduced and widely adopted. EN D