Week 1 Class Introduction: Anatomy & Physiology (A&P) PDF

**Week 1 Class Introduction: Anatomy & Physiology (A&P)** **第一周课程介绍：解剖学与生理学（A&P）** **Recreation Therapy (康乐治疗)** - In your chosen profession, you have decided to help people **enjoy their lives through recreation**.\ **在你选择的职业中，你致力于帮助人们通过康乐活动...

**Week 1 Class Introduction: Anatomy & Physiology (A&P)** **第一周课程介绍：解剖学与生理学（A&P）** **Recreation Therapy (康乐治疗)** - In your chosen profession, you have decided to help people **enjoy their lives through recreation**.\ **在你选择的职业中，你致力于帮助人们通过康乐活动享受生活。** - The information you learn in this course will provide **background knowledge** to help you understand **your body and the health of your clients**.\ **本课程所学的知识将帮助你理解自己的身体以及客户的健康状况。** **Learning Outcomes (学习目标)** - **Build knowledge** about the **structure and function** of body systems.\ **增强对身体系统结构和功能的认识。** - Understand **the differences between normal and abnormal functions** of these systems.\ **理解这些系统的正常和异常功能的区别。** - Discuss and **understand common physiological dysfunctions** related to Recreation Therapy.\ **讨论并理解与康乐治疗相关的常见生理功能障碍。** - **Apply knowledge** of normal and abnormal human functions to **clients you work with**.\ **将对人体正常与异常功能的知识应用于工作中的客户。** - **Demonstrate professional behavior** in the classroom.\ **在课堂上展现专业行为。** **Textbook (教材)** - **Title:** *Human Biology, Anatomy & Physiology (For the Health Sciences)*\ **书名：**《人体生物学、解剖学与生理学（健康科学）》 - **Author:** Wendi A. Roscoe\ **作者：** 温迪·A·罗斯科 - **Edition:** 2016\ \*\*版本：\*\*2016 年版 **Class Attendance (课堂考勤)** - **Attendance is not mandatory**, but students must **sign in** for record-keeping.\ **出勤不是强制性的，但学生需要签到以便记录。** - Students **who attend regularly tend to achieve better grades** because lectures contain **extra information** that may appear on tests or exams.\ **定期上课的学生通常成绩较好，因为课堂讲解的额外信息可能出现在测试或考试中。** - **No prior warning** will be given for extra in-class activities.\ **课堂额外活动不会提前通知。** - The **course schedule** includes **covered topics and due dates**.\ **课程时间表包含各课题和截止日期。** **Word Analysis (术语解析)** - **\"Learning medical terminology is like learning a new language.\"**\ **"学习医学术语类似于学习一种新语言。"** - **Word analysis** is a technique to **understand new terms**.\ **术语解析是一种帮助理解新词汇的技巧。** - **Key components of words:**\ **医学术语的关键组成部分：** 1. **Root (词根)** -- The foundation of the word. **（单词的基础）** 2. **Suffix (后缀)** -- The ending of the word. **（单词的结尾部分）** 3. **Prefix (前缀)** -- The beginning of the word. **（单词的开头部分）** **Examples of Word Components (医学术语示例)** **Root (词根)** - **Cardi- (心脏)** - **Gastr- (胃)** - **Hemat- (血液)** - **Hepat- (肝脏)** - **Reno / Nephron- (肾脏)** - **Derm- (皮肤)** **Suffix (后缀)** - **-logy (...学科，研究)** - **-ectomy (切除术，切除)** - **-pathy (疾病)** - **-oma (肿瘤，肿块)** - **-itis (炎症)** **Prefix (前缀)** - **Supra- (上方，较高)** - **Sub- (下方，较低)** - **A-, An- (无，缺乏)** - **Ad- (朝向)** - **Contra- (相对，抵抗)** **Anatomy & Physiology (A&P)** - **What is Anatomy?** → Study of **gross and microscopic structures**.\ **解剖学是什么？** → 研究**宏观和微观结构**。 - **What is Physiology?** → Study of **how structures function**.\ **生理学是什么？** → 研究**结构如何发挥作用**。 - **Both are subdivisions of Biology.**\ **两者都是生物学的分支。** **Levels of Structural Organization (结构层次)** - **Atoms → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism**\ **原子 → 细胞 → 组织 → 器官 → 系统 → 机体** - **Organ Systems:**\ **人体器官系统：** 1. **Integumentary (皮肤系统)** 2. **Skeletal (骨骼系统)** -- Includes **hematopoiesis (造血功能)** 3. **Muscular (肌肉系统)** -- Includes **three types of muscles (三种肌肉类型)** 4. **Nervous (神经系统)** 5. **Endocrine (内分泌系统)** 6. **Cardiovascular (心血管系统)** 7. **Lymphatic (淋巴系统)** 8. **Respiratory (呼吸系统)** 9. **Digestive (消化系统)** 10. **Urinary (泌尿系统)** 11. **Reproductive (生殖系统)** **Principles to Remember (关键概念)** - **Anatomy (解剖学)** -- Structure - **Physiology (生理学)** -- How the structure works - **Pathology (病理学)** -- What happens when it stops working properly - **Homeostasis (体内平衡)** -- The body's ability to maintain normal function despite changes **Anatomical Terms (解剖术语)** **Anatomical Position (解剖学姿势)** - **All directional terms refer back to this position.**\ **所有方向术语都基于该标准姿势。** - **Position:**\ **身体站立，双手朝前**，用于提供标准参考。 **Body Planes (身体平面)** - **Sagittal Plane (矢状面)** → Divides body into **left & right**\ **将身体分为左半部分和右半部分。** - **Frontal/Coronal Plane (额状/冠状面)** → Divides body into **front & back**\ **将身体分为前后部分。** - **Transverse Plane (横截面)** → Divides body into **top & bottom**\ **将身体分为上下部分。** **Directional Terms (方向术语)** - **Anterior (前部)** / **Ventral (腹侧)** → **Toward the front (朝向身体前方)** - **Posterior (后部)** / **Dorsal (背侧)** → **Toward the back (朝向身体后方)** - **Superior (上部)** / **Cephalic (头部方向)** → **Toward the head (朝向头部)** - **Inferior (下部)** / **Caudal (尾部方向)** → **Away from the head (远离头部)** - **Medial (内侧)** → **Toward the midline (朝向中线)** - **Lateral (外侧)** → **Away from the midline (远离中线)** - **Proximal (近端)** → **Closer to the trunk or origin (靠近身体中轴或起点)** - **Distal (远端)** → **Farther from the trunk or origin (远离身体中轴或起点)** **Week 1 Class Introduction: Anatomy & Physiology (A&P)** **第一周课程介绍：解剖学与生理学（A&P）** **📌 Recreation Therapy (康乐治疗)** - 你的职业目标是 **帮助人们通过康乐活动享受生活**。 - 本课程将提供 **基础知识**，帮助你理解**自身身体状况及客户的健康**。 **📌 Learning Outcomes (学习目标)** ✅ **了解**身体部分系统的**结构与功能**\ ✅ **区分**正常与异常的生理功能\ ✅ **讨论并理解**与康乐治疗相关的**常见生理功能障碍**\ ✅ **应用**这些知识到实际工作中\ ✅ **展现**专业课堂行为 **📌 Textbook (教材)** 📖 **书名：** *Human Biology, Anatomy & Physiology (For the Health Sciences)*\ ✍️ **作者：** Wendi A. Roscoe\ 📅 **版本：** 2016 年版 **📌 Class Attendance (课堂考勤)** ✔ **出勤非强制性**，但**每节课需签到**以备记录\ ✔ **规律出勤的学生成绩更优**，因课堂会提供**额外信息**\ ✔ **课堂额外活动不会提前通知**，请参考**课程时间表** **📌 Word Analysis (医学术语解析)** 📢 *\"学习医学术语类似于学习一门新语言！\"*\ 👉 **如何拆解单词结构**： 1️⃣ **Root (词根)** - 单词的基础部分\ 2️⃣ **Suffix (后缀)** - 单词的结尾部分\ 3️⃣ **Prefix (前缀)** - 单词的开头部分 **📌 常见医学术语** **📍 Root (词根)** --------------------- ---------- **词根** **含义** **Cardi-** 心脏 **Gastr-** 胃 **Hemat-** 血液 **Hepat-** 肝脏 **Reno- (Nephron)** 肾脏 **Derm-** 皮肤 --------------------- ---------- **📍 Suffix (后缀)** ------------- ------------------ **后缀** **含义** **-logy**......学科，研究 **-ectomy** 切除术 **-pathy** 疾病 **-oma** 肿瘤 **-itis** 炎症 ------------- ------------------ **📍 Prefix (前缀)** ------------- ------------ **前缀** **含义** **Supra-** 上方，较高 **Sub-** 下方，较低 **A-, An-** 无，缺乏 **Ad-** 朝向 **Contra-** 相对，抵抗 ------------- ------------ **📌 Anatomy & Physiology (A&P)** 📌 **Anatomy (解剖学)：** 研究**身体结构**\ 📌 **Physiology (生理学)：** 研究**身体结构如何运作**\ 📌 **Pathology (病理学)：** 研究**身体功能异常时的情况**\ 📌 **Homeostasis (体内平衡)：** 维持正常生理功能的机制 **📌 Levels of Structural Organization (人体结构层次)** 🔹 **原子 → 细胞 → 组织 → 器官 → 系统 → 机体** **📍 Organ Systems (人体系统)** 1️⃣ **Integumentary (皮肤系统)**\ 2️⃣ **Skeletal (骨骼系统)** -- 具有 **造血功能 (Hematopoiesis)**\ 3️⃣ **Muscular (肌肉系统)** -- 包含 **三种类型的肌肉**\ 4️⃣ **Nervous (神经系统)**\ 5️⃣ **Endocrine (内分泌系统)**\ 6️⃣ **Cardiovascular (心血管系统)**\ 7️⃣ **Lymphatic (淋巴系统)**\ 8️⃣ **Respiratory (呼吸系统)**\ 9️⃣ **Digestive (消化系统)**\ 🔟 **Urinary (泌尿系统)**\ 🔢 **Reproductive (生殖系统)** **📌 Anatomical Terms (解剖术语)** 📍 **Anatomical Position (标准解剖姿势)** - **所有解剖学方向术语**均以此姿势为参考 - **站立、双手掌心朝前**，用于建立标准方向 **📍 Body Planes (身体平面)** -------------------------------------- ------------------- **平面** **作用** **Sagittal Plane (矢状面)** 分割**左/右部分** **Frontal / Coronal Plane (冠状面)** 分割**前/后部分** **Transverse Plane (横断面)** 分割**上/下部分** -------------------------------------- ------------------- **📌 Directional Terms (方向术语)** ----------------------------------------- ----------------------- **术语** **方向** **Anterior (前) / Ventral (腹侧)** 朝向前方 **Posterior (后) / Dorsal (背侧)** 朝向后方 **Superior (上) / Cephalic (头部方向)** 朝向头部 **Inferior (下) / Caudal (尾部方向)** 远离头部 **Medial (内侧)** 靠近身体中线 **Lateral (外侧)** 远离身体中线 **Proximal (近端)** 靠近**身体中轴/起点** **Distal (远端)** 远离**身体中轴/起点** ----------------------------------------- -----------------------