Construction Materials and Testing Lecture Notes PDF

CE312 Construction Materials and Testing by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles  CE312 Week 1: Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Construction Materials - is an...

CE312 Construction Materials and Testing by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles  CE312 Week 1: Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Construction Materials - is any material that is used for construction - the success of a construction project also lies on the materials used especially when the materials are tested against time. - the durability of the materials is one of the relevant factors to be considered. by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Construction Materials manufactured naturally occurring products such materials such as cement, rebars, stone, timber, sand, pipes, tiles, rock, soil, etc. ceramics, glass, paints, etc. by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Materials Testing - is performed for a variety of reasons and can provide a wealth of information about the tested materials, prototypes or product samples. The data collected during testing and the final test results can be very useful to engineers, designers, production managers and others. by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Reasons why material testing is important 1. Meeting requirements of regulatory agencies 2. Selecting appropriate materials and treatments for an application 3. Evaluating product design or improvement specifications 4. Verifying a production process by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability Requirements 1. Permanent loading → Creep Strength (Creep strength is the maximum stress endured by a material for a specific period of time without extreme deformation.) 2. Repeated loading → Fatique Strength (Fatigue strength is the highest stress that a material can withstand for a given number of cycles without breaking) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability Requirements 3. Impact loading → Toughness & Resilience (Toughness is the property due to which the material can withstand impact loading without fracture. Resilience is the property due to which a material can store energy without having permanent deformation) 4. Surface loading → Hardness & Resistance to abrasion (Hardness is measured by poking a point into the test material and measuring depth of penetration. Abrasion resistance is measured by rubbing something against the test material and measuring how much material is removed) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure B. Environmental Requirements 1. Temperature Change→ coefficient of thermal conductivity (The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat) 2. Moisture movement → permeability (Permeability is defined as the volume of a fluid of unit viscosity passing through a unit cross section of the medium in unit time under the action of a unit pressure gradient) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure B. Environmental Requirements 3. Chemical effects → chemical composition (Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure C. Economy Choose the cheaper & available materials considering: 1. Initial cost 2. Useful life 3. Frequency of maintenance 4. Cost of maintenance 5. Salvage value 6. Comfortability by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1. According to their phases 2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1. According to their phases A. Gases Air, Oxygen, CO2 by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1. According to their phases B. Liquids Water, Chemical Admixtures by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1. According to their phases C. Semi-solids Fresh pastes, mortars, asphalt by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 1. According to their phases D. Solids Metals, hardened concrete by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition Ferrous Non-Ferrous (iron, cast iron, steel) (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition B. Polymers : (long chains having molecules of C, H, O, N which are formed by covalent bonding. The chains are bound to eachother either by covalent bonds or Van der Waal’s forces.) Natural Artificial (rubber, asphalt, resins, wood) (plastic) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition C. Ceramics : (mainly aluminosilicates formed by mixed bonding, covalent and ionic) Structural clay products Porcelains (bricks, tiles, pipes) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition D. Composite Materials Natural Artificial (agglemerates) (Portland cement, concrete)) by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; LASSIFICATION OF IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition E. Reinforced Composite Materials reinforced concrete, reinforced plastics by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles  Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; A. Laboratory Testing B. Field Testing by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles  Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; Standardization Institutes 1. U.S. - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) - American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) - American Concrete Institute (ACI) 2. Turkey - Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) 3. Europe - European Committee for Standardization (CEN) 4. Germany - Deutsche Institute Norm (DIN) 5. England - British Standards Institute (BSI)  Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; List of Accredited Testing Laboratories in DPWH- Region X, as of July 2015 1. UNIVERSAL MULTI-TESTING SOLUTIONS, INC (Address: Unit 9-A Ground Floor NEO-Central Arcade, Cugman Highway, Cagayan de Oro City) 2. UKC BUILDERS INC/TECHNOSTRESS SYSTEMS CORP. (Address: Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City) 3. TESTLAB ENGINEERING & GEOTECH SERVICES (Address: No. 131 Baconga St., Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City) 4. MEGATESTING CENTER, INC (Address: Door 101 Tres Montanas, Business Complex Jr. Borja Ext. Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City) 5. LYL DEVELOPMENT CORP. MTQCS (Address: LYLDC Compound, Baloy, Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City)  Introduction to Construction Materials & Testing; References: Building Materials. August 1, 2020. Available: https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/ media/lectures/5/5_2018_03_11!09_59_44_PM.pdf Construction Materials. August 22, 2020. Available: https://aybu.edu.tr/ muhendislik/insaat/contents/files/1_%20MATERIALS%20OF%20CONST RUCTION.pdf The Ultimate Guide to Construction Materials in the Philippines. August 2, 2020. Available: https://reganindustrial.com/construction-materials-philippines/ Wayne, L. (2015). Civil Engineering Materials. Available: https://www.slideshare. net/costmer/civil-engineering-materials-43984932 by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles