Introduction to Construction Materials and Testing PDF

CE 406 Introduction to Construction Materials and Testing What are construction materials? It is defined as the materials, supplies, fixtures, or equipment, any combination of such items, and any other leased or purchased articles when the materials, supplies, fixtures, equipment or articles are...

CE 406 Introduction to Construction Materials and Testing What are construction materials? It is defined as the materials, supplies, fixtures, or equipment, any combination of such items, and any other leased or purchased articles when the materials, supplies, fixtures, equipment or articles are to be utilized or consumed during construction or are to be incorporated into construction work pursuant to a bonafide written construction contract. Contoso Ltd. 2 3 Types of Common Construction Materials The following are listed on the next few pages. 1. Steel Steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon and often other alloying material in its composition to make it stronger and more fracture-resistant than iron. Contoso Ltd. 4 Add a footer 2. Aggregates Construction aggregate is a broad category of particulate material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined materials in the world. They are divided into two categories—fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. Contoso Ltd. 5 Add a footer 3. Cement Cement, in general, adhesive substances of all kinds, but, in a narrower sense, the binding materials used in building and civil engineering construction. Cements of this kind are finely ground powders that, when mixed with water, set to a hard mass. Contoso Ltd. 6 Add a footer 4. Bitumen A black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is used for road surfacing and roofing. Contoso Ltd. 7 Add a footer 5. Concrete Concrete is a composite material made of fine and coarse aggregate (think gravel, crushed stone, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates) bound together by a liquid binder such as cement that hardens or cures over time. Contoso Ltd. 8 Add a footer 6. Asphalt Asphalt is a mixture of aggregates, binder and filler, used for constructing and maintaining roads, parking areas, railway tracks, ports, airport runways, bicycle lanes, sidewalks and also play- and sport areas. Contoso Ltd. 9 Add a footer 7. Masonry Masonry construction uses individual units (such as bricks) to build structures that are usually bound together by some kind of mortar. The strongest and most commonly used masonry unit now is a concrete block, which may be reinforced with steel. Contoso Ltd. 10 Add a footer What is materials testing? Materials testing is a respected and established technique which is used to ascertain both the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials and components. It can be used to examine almost anything from human hair to steel, ceramics or composite materials. Contoso Ltd. 11 Five major categories of materials testing Testing for resistance Mechanical Testing Testing for Thermal Testing for Electrical to corrosion, radiation Non-destructive Properties Properties and biological testing deterioration Also known as destructive Testing for thermal Materials are subjected to Testing for breakdown or A testing and analysis testing, reveals the properties is used to electrical stresses under a deterioration of materials technique to evaluate the properties of a material measure materials’ ability variety of controlled under exposure to a properties of a material, under dynamic or static to transfer heat since it conditions, including liquid particular type of component, structure or force. Designed to ensure differs with each substance contaminants, dust and environment has greatly system for characteristic that materials are suitable and may depend on fog, dry air electrical arc, increased in recent years. differences or welding for their intended structure, density, or high voltage dielectric defects and discontinuities applications. humidity, pressure and breakdown conditions. without causing damage to temperature. the original part. Contoso Ltd. 12 Add a footer Tests carried out on different construction materials Aggregates Bitumen Cement a. Sieve Analysis a. Determining bitumen content a. Fineness Test b. Water Absorption b. Determining flash and fire b. Soundness Test point of bitumen c. Aggregate Impact Value c. Consistency Test c. Determining penetration of d. Aggregate Abrasion Value bitumen d. Setting Time Test e. Aggregate Crushing Value d. Determining softening point of bitumen e. Determining specific gravity of bitumen f. Determining ductility of bitumen g. Determining marshal stability of bitumen Contoso Ltd. 13 Add a footer Tests carried out on different construction materials Hardened Steel Fresh Concrete Concrete Reinforcement a. Slump Test a. Compression Strength Test a. Tensile Strength Test b. Compacting Factor Test b. Flexural Strength Test b. Bend Test c. VeBe Test c. Rebound Hammer Test c. Re-bend Test d. Ultrasonic Pulse velocity Test d. Shear Test e. Brinell Hardness Test f. Impact Test g. Torsion Test Contoso Ltd. 14 Add a footer  Why is CMT important? Because it is critical for the viability and safety of a construction project. CMT can reveal any number of issues related to construction quality. It can highlight future risks, help classify a building site, and assist with engineering decisions. Without CMT, engineers and builders may not know if the quality of the construction meets the requirements. Contoso Ltd. 15 Add a footer  CE 406 Thank You! References: https://www.mtcopeland.com/blog/five-building-materials-commonly- used-in-construction https://www.definitions.net/definition/construction+aggregate https://www.britannica.com/technology/cement-building-material https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/mechanical-testing- services#:~:text=Designed%20to%20ensure%20that%20materials,resistance %2C%20fracture%20toughness%20and%20fatigue. http://info.shieldengineering.com/blog/why-is-construction-materials- testing-important