Wars Of The Roses Checklist PDF

1\. Henry VI founded two places of learning. Write their names. **Eton Collage,Kings collage in Cambridge** 2\. Explain the name "The Wars of the Roses." **The division of nobility. The Lancastrians ,loyal to Henry VI aka. The red rose. And Yorkits.loyal to the duke of York, aka white rose.** 3\...

1\. Henry VI founded two places of learning. Write their names. **Eton Collage,Kings collage in Cambridge** 2\. Explain the name "The Wars of the Roses." **The division of nobility. The Lancastrians ,loyal to Henry VI aka. The red rose. And Yorkits.loyal to the duke of York, aka white rose.** 3\. Auld \[old\] Alliance" was created between two states. Write their names. **France and Scotland** 4\. In Scotland, the nobles kept serfs instead of private armies. TRUE / FALSE **FALSE** 5\. What did a word "clan" stand for (from the 14th century)? **It stood for groups of people occupying an area or land and following a particular chief.** 6\. By the end of the Middle Ages, Scotland developed in a plenty of ways. Name almost 4 of its changes. **Changes in parliament org. Now met once a year, cities grew in importance mainly thanks to the export of wool,leather and fish.Mostly to the Netherlands. Better education thanks to France,founding of new universties and Scotland was now an separated country from England.** 7\. What were the duties of every single woman during the Middle Ages? Were they allowed to leave their husband? **The duties were to obey her husband,disobedient wife was usually beaten. Their main role after marriage was to bear children,take care of an estate in higher classes,defend manors,knowing medicine or herb knowledge,take care of animals,visit the poorer and in lower classes also working on fields etc. They could not leave their husband,only after their death they could remarry because it was hard to take care of land without the help of a man.** 8\. What was the position of English language at the end of the 14th century? Were there also other languages (except English)? **French was used less and less,Edward III later banned french amongst his army.And middle english or Anglo-Saxon english,Latin in church and scholarship,Celtic languages..** 9\. Compare the kingship of Mary, the Catholic daughter of C. of Aragon, and Elizabeth, Mary's half-sister. **Mary was a strong catholic and she started to burn Protestants.Famously known as bloody Mary. She married King Philip II of Spain. People didnt like it. After Marys death Elizabeth started seeking peace in this division of religion.She supported art-Shakespeare.. She also arranged a book of sermons to be used in the church.She did not marry,partially for political reasons.** 10\. Compare the kingship of Henry VII. and Henry VIII. **Henry the VII established new monarchy,was a good business man. When he died he left behind huge income. Henry the VIII on the other hand was wasting money bringing the nation into a financial crisis. Cruel.** 11\. The century of Tudor rule (1485-1603) is often thought of as a most glorious period in English history. Why / why not? **Often thought of as a glorious period in English history due to the wealthy and powerful monarchy, also this period is often marked as one of the greatest artistic periods in its history. But also the not so glorious side was the waste of money by Henry VIII and poor and homeless people.** 12\. Name 2 authors who became famous in the 14th century. **Geoffrey Chaucer-**Canterbury Tales **and William Langland-**Piers Plowman. 13\. The Middle Ages ended with a remarkable technical progress. What was it? Who and when brought it? Were there some advantages of this progress? **,William Caxton-1.English printing press** 14\. By 1650 [ **slavery**] had become an important trade, bringing wealth particularly to Bristol in southwest England. It took until the end of the eighteenth century for this trade to be ended. 15\. One example of the changes Henry VIII made was in the matter of [**names**]. At that time the Welsh did not have family names. They used their own first name with those of their father and grandfather, using **AP**, which meant **son of**. 16\. Henry VIII gave permission for a Welsh **bible** to be printed which became the basis on which the Welsh language survived. 17\. **Edmund Spencer** was a famous Elizabethan poet and he was secretary to the English commander. 18\. **Ireland** became England´s first important colony. The effect of English rule was greatest in the north, in Ulster, where the Irish tribes had fought longest. Here, after the Tudor conquest, lands were taken and sold to English and Scottish merchants. 19\. What happened during the Battle at Flodden? **In 1513 army of Henry VIII destroyed the Scottish army at Flodden. It was the worst defeat for the Scots and the Scots king James IV was killed.** 20\. **Kirk** was the name for the Church in Scotland. 21\. James VI like the Tudors was a firm believer in the authority of the **crown** and like them he worked with small councils of ministers, rather than **parliament**. 22\. Henry VII had used **parliament** only for making laws. 23\. Today Parliament must meet every year and remain \"**in session** \" for three, quarters of it. This was not at all the case in the sixteenth century. In the early sixteenth century Parliament only met when the monarch ordered it. 24\. During the century power moved from the House of Lords to the **House of Commons**. The reason for this was simple. The Members of Parliament (MPs) in the Commons represented richer and more influential classes than the Lords. In fact, the idea of getting rid of the House of Lords, still a real question in British politics today, was first suggested in the sixteenth century. 25\. In order to control discussion in Parliament, the Crown appointed a \"**speaker**\". Even today the Speaker is responsible for good behaviour during debates in the House of Commons. His job in Tudor times was to make sure that Parliament discussed what the monarch wanted Parliament to discuss, and that it made the decision which he or she wanted. 26\. Until the end of the Tudor period Parliament was supposed to do three things: agree to the taxes needed; make the laws which the Crown suggested; and **advise the crown** , but only when asked to do so. In order for Parliament to be able to do these things, MPs were given important rights: freedom of speech (that is freedom to speak their thoughts freely without fear), freedom from fear of arrest, and freedom to meet and speak to the monarch. 27\. Parliament naturally began to think it had a right to discuss these quest ions. By the end of the **16th** century it was beginning to show new confidence, and in the seventeenth century, when the gentry and merchant classes were far more aware of their own strength, it was obvious that Parliament would challenge the Crown. Eventually this resulted in war. 28\. The population increased the unused land was cl eared for sheep and large areas of forest were cut down to provide wood for the growing shipbuilding industry. England was beginning to experience greater **economical** and **social** problems than ever before. 29\. Many landowners found they could make more money from **sheep farming** than from growing crops. They could sell the wool for a good price to the rapidly growing cloth industry. 30\. In 1536 large numbers of people from the north marched to London to show their anger at the dissolution of the monasteries. Their reasons were only partly religious. As life had become harder, the monasteries had given **employment** to many and provided food for the very poor. This \"**pilgrimage of grace**\", as it was known, was cruelly put down, and its leaders were executed. 31\. Good **harvests** through most of the century probably saved England from disaster, but there were bad ones bet ween 1594 and 1597, making the problem of the poor worse again. In 1601 Parliament passed the first Poor Law. This made local people responsible for the poor in their own area. 32\. The pattern of employment was changing. The production of finished cloth, the most important of England\'s products, reached its greatest importance during the **16th** century. 33\. By using coal instead of wood fires, Tudor England learnt how to make greatly improved **steel**, necessary for modern weapons. Henry VIII replaced the longbow with the musket, an early kind of hand-held gun. 34\. **Birmingham**, by using coal fires to make steel, grew in the sixteenth century from a village into an important industrial city. 35\. In 1560 London used 33,000 ton s of coal from Newcastle, hut by 1600 it used five times as much, and the smoke darkened the sky over London. A foreign ambassador wrote that the city stank, and was \"the **filthiest** in the world\". 36\. Over half the population was under twenty-five, while few were over sixty. Queen **Elizabeth** reached the age of seventy, but this was unusual. People expected to work hard and to die young. Poor children started work at the age of six or seven. 37\. One group of people suffered particularly badly during the Tudor period. These were the **unmarried women**. Before the Reformation many of these women could become nuns, and be assured that in the religious life they would be safe and respected. After the dissolution of the monasteries, thousands became beggars on the roads of England. In future an unmarried woman could only hope to be a servant in someone else\'s house, or to be kept by her own family. She had little choice in life. 38\. Literacy increased greatly during the mid-sixteenth century, even though the religious houses, which had always provided traditional education, had closed. In fact, by the seventeenth century about half the population could **read** and **write**. 39\. In the early years of the sixteenth century English thinkers had become interested in the work of the Dutch philosopher **Erasmus**. One of them, **Thomas More**, wrote a study of the ideal nation, called **Utopia**, which became extremely popular throughout Europe. 40\. Literature, however, was England\'s greatest art form. Playwrights like Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and **Shakespeare** filled the theatre s with their exciting new plays. 41\. At the beginning of the Tudor period English was still spoken in a number of different ways. There were still reminders of the **saxon** , Angle, Jute and Viking invasions in the different forms of language spoken in different parts of the country. Since the time of **Chaucer** in the mid-fourteenth century, London English, itself a mixture of south Mid land and south-eastern English, had become accepted as standard English.