Understanding Culture Society and Politics Grade 12 PDF

 Complete the missing letters to form a word that describe from clue words. Culture is defined by Edward B. Taylor, as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member...

 Complete the missing letters to form a word that describe from clue words. Culture is defined by Edward B. Taylor, as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Cultural capital comprises the social assets of a person such as education, intellect, style of speech, style of dress, etc. that promote social mobility in a stratified society. 1. Embodied Capital Knowledge or skill that a person acquire from his/her habits. 2. Objectified Capital The value inherent in object of culture, such as work of art. 3. Institutionalized Capital The value inherent in being recognized by an institution Cultural changed is used by the sociologist to denote the way society is changed. The society takes in new cultural traits, behavior patterns, and social norms, and creates new social structures as a result. Cultural relativism is the view that ethical and social standards of society reflect the cultural which is unique to that society. ❖Enculturation ❖Acculturation ❖Deculturation ❖ Enculturation is the process of learning one’s native culture , including its values, language, behaviors and morals. It’s a lifelong process that begins at birth and is primarily subconscious. ❖ Acculturation is the process of cultural psychological, and social change that occurs when people adapt to a new culture or balance two cultures. ❖ Deculturation is the process of losing or neglecting cultural characteristics, either intentionally or by accident. The Spanish occupied the Philippines and required the natives to change their names and stop practicing many of their beliefs The Spanish occupied the Philippines and required the natives to change their names and stop practicing many of their beliefs. DECULTURATION Jill parents are both religious. Her family attends church every Sunday, and Jill is a member of the youth choir. Jill’s parents encourage all of their children to be kind, respectful, and to follow the rules.  ow the culture is being transfer? Jill parents are both religious. Her family attends church every Sunday, and Jill is a member of the youth choir. Jill’s parents encourage all of their children to be kind, respectful, and to follow the rules. ENCULTURATION You are moving from a tropical country to a cold country, you’ll probably have little understanding of the fashions around winter clothing. When you move, you’ll learn the fashionable dress wear in winter in your new country and adopt it when you buy your winter coats. You are moving from a tropical country to a cold country, you’ll probably have little understanding of the fashions around winter clothing. When you move, you’ll learn the fashionable dress wear in winter in your new country and adopt it when you buy your winter coats. ACCULTURATION  SOCIETY Derived from Latin word “socius” or “societas” – meaning companion, or associate. A group of people who agree to live together and work together. The most important priority to this group is the survival of the individuals in the group.  Human societies, however refers to the relationship between human in the group. Human social life is a combination of various components such as activities, people and places. Three Types of Society Early Society Developing Society Advanced Society Three Types of Society Early Society 1. Hunter-gatherer societies 2. Pastoral Societies 1. Hunter-gatherer societies Sometimes between 2.5 million years ago, human survived primarily by hunting wild animals and gathering wild vegetation. Stone and wood were the predominant raw materials for the making of tools and weapons. Although primitive in form, simple technologies were found very helpful for their survival. 2. Pastoral Societies Pastoral societies domesticated animals. Animal raising became a major industry. People whose places were not fitted to vegetation raised animals like mountains, rocky plains. Three Types of Society Developing Society 1. Horticultural Societies 2. Agricultural Societies 1. Horticultural Societies History tells us that the horticultural society developed a community that used simple hand tools to raise crops. Herding and horticulture societies discovered that food sources could be produced and reproduced.  2. Agricultural Societies Agricultural societies marked a major improvement in the lives of other people. People learned to used plow drawn by animals, development of metal tools; use of the wheel; and improved knowledge of irrigation and fertilization. Three Types of Society Advanced Society 1. Industrial Societies 2. Post Industrial Societies 1. Industrial Societies Industrialized societies use sophisticated machinery powered by fuels to produce material goods. The muscles of humans and animals were no longer the basis of production. Machineries were made of steel. 2. Post Industrial Societies Post- industrial society is a society of technically advanced nations based on the production and consumption of services and information instead of goods.  Politics The activities of the government, members of law-making organizations, or people who try to influence the way a country is governed.  Government Government is a prime location for political struggles. It refers to the collection of institutions and people who occupy them that is recognized as the legitimate authority to make decision regarding the whole public in a defined geographic territory.  3 Branches of Government 1. Executive 2. Legislative 3. Judiciary  1. Executive Branch The executive branch is headed by the President who functions as both the head of state and the head of government.  2. Legislative Branch Make the law. Citizens from each state elect individuals to represent them in congress.  3. Judiciary Branch The judiciary branch of the government is headed by the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, all appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council.  3. Judiciary Branch “The judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” Sec. 1, Art. 8 1987 Constitution  “Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the Government” Sec. 1, Art. 8 1987 Constitution A.Executive Branch B.Legislative Branch C.Judiciary Branch D.None of the above