Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

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Questions and Answers

What primarily distinguishes a post-industrial society from a traditional industrial society?

Production and consumption of services and information (correct)

Emphasis on community welfare over individual gains

Dependence on agriculture as the main economic activity

Focus on the production of goods

Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?

Judiciary Branch

Legislative Branch (correct)

Executive Branch

Administrative Branch

Who heads the executive branch of the government?

President (correct)

Governor

Legislative Leader

Chief Justice

What entity is primarily responsible for settling controversies involving legal rights?

Supreme Court Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the judiciary as defined in the constitution?

To determine grave abuses of discretion by government branches Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural capital primarily consist of?

Social assets that promote social mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes enculturation?

The process of learning one’s native culture Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of objectified capital?

It possesses inherent value in cultural objects Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the social change that occurs when adopting traits from a new culture?

Acculturation Signup and view all the answers

What does institutionalized capital refer to?

Recognition by an institution Signup and view all the answers

What outcome best describes deculturation?

Losing or neglecting cultural characteristics Signup and view all the answers

In Jill's case, how is her culture primarily transferred?

Through family practices and encouragement Signup and view all the answers

What might someone moving from a tropical to a cold country initially struggle with?

Understanding winter clothing fashion Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of hunter-gatherer societies?

Survival through hunting and gathering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following societies is characterized by the use of animal-based power and metal tools?

Agricultural Societies Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes post-industrial societies from industrial societies?

A focus on information and services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a developing society?

Establishment of communities for food production Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically part of the social life in human societies?

Housing structures Signup and view all the answers

What led to the major improvement in the lives of people in agricultural societies?

Development of metal tools and irrigation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of society domesticated animals as a main aspect of its economy?

Pastoral Societies Signup and view all the answers

What type of tools did horticultural societies primarily utilize?

Simple hand tools Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Overview

Course title: Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Grade level: 12
The course integrates insights from anthropology, political science, and sociology
It aims to develop student's cultural sensitivity and understanding of social, political dynamics
The curriculum examines how culture, human agency, society, and politics interact
It also focuses on current human development goals

Course Description

Students will develop understanding of human cultures, agency, society, and politics
Students will recognize cultural relativism and social inclusivity to overcome prejudices
Students will further improve social and cultural competence in interacting with groups, communities, networks, and institutions

Grading System

Written work: 25%
Performance task: 50%
Quarterly assessment: 25%

Key Concepts

Culture: defined by Edward B. Taylor as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society"
Two types of culture:
- Material culture: tangible things like food, tools, dress, accessories
- Non-material culture: intangible things like habits, ideas, religion, language, behavior
Examples of material culture (images shown): Filipino traditional slippers, jeepneys, food, national costume
Examples of non-material culture (images shown): family gatherings, communal meals, religious ceremonies, festive celebrations
Cultural Capital: social assets of a person (education, intellect, style of speech, dress) that promote social mobility in a stratified society
Types of cultural capital :
- Embodied: knowledge or skill from habits
- Objectified: value inherent in cultural objects (art)
- Institutionalized: value inherent in being recognized by an institution
Cultural Change: the way society changes by incorporating new cultural traits, behavior patterns and social norms creating new social structures
Cultural Relativism: the view that ethical and social standards of society reflect the unique cultural context of that society
Cultural Variation: differences in social behaviors exhibited by various cultures around the world; in the Philippines, cultural variation is influenced by specific places, tribes, etc.
Enculturation: the process of learning one's native culture (values, language, behaviors, morals); a lifelong and primarily subconscious process
Acculturation: process of cultural, psychological, and social change that occurs when people adapt to a new culture or balance two cultures
Deculturation: the process of losing or neglecting cultural characteristics, intentionally or accidentally
Examples of Deculturation: The Spanish requirement that natives change their names and beliefs demonstrated deculturation

Society

Society is derived from the Latin word "socius" or "societas", meaning companion or associate.
Groups of people who agree to live together and work together, prioritizing the survival of individuals in the group
Human social life is a blend of activities, people, and places.
Types of society: early, developing, advanced
Early Society: Hunter-gatherer (relying on hunting and gathering), Pastoral (domesticated animals)
Developing Society: Horticultural (simple hand tools to farm), Agricultural (plows, animals for farming)
Advanced Society: Industrial (machinery for mass production), Post-industrial (services, information technology, globalized societies)

Politics

The activities of the government, law-making organizations, or those influencing how a country is governed
Government is about institutions and people that are the legitimate authority, making decisions for the public

Government

A collection of institutions and people that are the legitimate authority to make decisions for the public
Has three branches
- Executive: headed by the President (head of state/government)
- Legislative: law-making branch, citizens elect representatives
- Judiciary: headed by Supreme Court (Chief Justice and Associate Justices)
The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and lower courts established by law(1987 Constitution)

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Description

Explore the intricate dynamics of culture, society, and politics in this comprehensive 12th-grade course. Develop cultural sensitivity and social competence as you learn about human agency and current human development goals. This course equips students with the knowledge to interact inclusively with diverse communities.