W-1 -MATTER.pptx

COLLEGE CHEMISTRY Chemistry is a branch of science which deals with matter including its composition, its properties, its structures and the changes they undergo.  Matter – is anything that occupy space and has mass.  Mass – is the quantity of matter in a body.  Weight – is a pull force...

COLLEGE CHEMISTRY Chemistry is a branch of science which deals with matter including its composition, its properties, its structures and the changes they undergo.  Matter – is anything that occupy space and has mass.  Mass – is the quantity of matter in a body.  Weight – is a pull force towards the earth due to gravity Weight = mass x gravity  2 Classifications of Matter : pure substances & mixture A. TWO PURE SUBSTANCES : Elements & Compounds:  1. Element - is a single atom, it cannot be separated to simpler form. - Elements are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There are 118 elements, but only 92 occur naturally.Each element is consists of 1 or 2 letters. The first letter is written in capital letter. https://removeandreplace.com/2015/09/09/periodic-table-of-elements-with-names-and-symbols/ 2. Compounds - Pure substances which composed of elements combined with fixed ratio. - Elements in it do not retain its original properties - Elements in a compound can not be separated by physical means but by chemical means or processes. Some Examples: Carbon Dioxide – CO2 Magnesium Hydroxide- Mg(OH)2 Sucrose ( Sugar) – C12H22O11 Hydrochloric Acid – HCl https://www.laballey.com/products/10-hydrochloric-acid-  Kinds of Elements:  1. Metal – most elements are metals are solid (except Hg) at room temp, good conductor , ductile and malleable.  2. Non-metal – poor conductor, not malleable and ductile.  3. Metalloids – have some properties of metal and some properties of non-metal - also called semi-conductor, can conduct electric current but not as good as metals https://www.sd308.org/cms/lib/IL01906463/Centricity/Domain/1738/The%20Periodic%20Table%20of%20Elements.pdf  Compounds  Kinds of Compounds 1. Salts – combination of metal and non-metal ex,. MgCl2. , KF, CaO, … 2. Acids – combination of hydrogen ion, H+, and non-metals or poly- atomic ion. ex. HCl, HI, HF, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2CO3 3. Bases – combination of metal and hydroxide ion, OH- ex. NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 , KOH, Mg(OH)2… 4. Organic Compounds – a hydrocarbon compounds, usually composed of hydrogen, carbon and other non-metals: CH4, C2H6, C2H5OH  Mixtures B. Mixtures - Combination of elements/compounds where constituents retain its properties. - It can be separated by mechanical or physical means. 2 Kinds of Mixtures: 1. Homogeneous Mixture - It has one phase. - One component can not be identified with another Example: Catsup, Soy sauce, Milk drinks, pancake, smoke,… https://school.eckovation.com/matter-in-our-surrounding- Mixtures  2. Heterogeneous Mixtures - has two or more phases - one part is different from the others - composition can be identified Example: Oil and water, mixed nuts, pizza, salad and others  PROPERTIES OF MATTER - those characteristics that serve to distinguish and identify the matter  2 Properties of Matter 1. Physical Properties– properties of matter that can be observed by the senses. Example: color, smell, roughness, hotness, mass , temperature, etc … 2. Chemical Properties – properties of matter to change forming new product. Example: flammability, oxidation, reactivity, chemical bond , corrosion, decay, decomposition, etc... DAIGRAM OF MATTER AND ITS CLASSIFICATION MATTER Pure SUBSTANCE MIXTURE ELEMEN COMPOUN HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEO T D US  2 CHANGES IN MATTER  1. Physical changes- changes in physical attributes of matter without the change in its composition.  2. Chemical changes – changes in matter forming new products: burning of wood, rotting of food, exploding fireworks,  2 Physical Properties 1.Intensive properties - do not depend on the amount of the substance; they include color, melting point, boiling point, smell, texture, electric conductivity…  2. Extensive properties - depend with the amount of the substance. It include mass, weight, and volume. 3 Phases or States of Matter 1. Solid – molecules are compressed , has specific volume, 2. Liquid – molecules are not too closed nor too far. It has the ability to flow 3. Gas – molecules are far from each other. It occupies the volume of the container. It has the compressibility property. https://www.thinglink.com/scene/659839808201293824  3 Laws of Matter  1. Law of Conservation of Mass: The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of products  2. Law of Conservation of Energy The energy is neither created nor destroyed it just change to another form of energy.  3. Law of Definite Proportion Every chemical compound has fixed and definite proportion.