Personality and Career Development Learning Module PDF

DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited PERSONALITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT...

DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited PERSONALITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT (IR 3) LEARNING MODULE S.Y. 2024–2025  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited PREPARED BY: CAREN J. MACEREN Week 1 – Introduction to Career Development Learning Outcomes: Understand and explain in his/her own words what personality/personal development is; Understand and explain the psychological basis of personal development; Relate the concept of personal development in his/her own experience as an individual; and Express his/her spiritual and religious beliefs and how these influence his/her personal development. Human Development and Personal Development Developmental scientist identified that three (3) aspects or domains of human development (Papalia & Feldman, 2012). 1. Physical Development – which covers the growth of the body and the brain, motor and sensory skills, and even physical health. 2. Cognitive Development – which covers our capacity to learn, to speak, to understand, to reason, and to create; and 3. Psychosocial Development – which includes our social interactions with other people, out emotions, attitudes, self-identity, personality, beliefs, and values.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited While human development covers the whole lifespan of human existence in relation to the three domains, personal development is one’s own development and growth within the context of the three aspects of human development. Human development is also influenced by: Hereditary – the inborn traits passed on by the generation offspring from both of the biological parent’s families. Environment – is the world outside and the experiences that result from our contact and interaction with this external world; and Maturation – is natural progression of brain and the body that affects the cognitive (thinking and intelligence), psychological (emotions, attitude, and self-identity), and social (relationships) dimensions of a person. The influence of physical maturations over a person’s development is most pronounced during his/her childhood and adolescence stages. Is it Personality Development or Personal Development You must be familiar with the term personality development and must have heard learning places where you could enroll to learn skills like table etiquette, how to sit properly and walk with grace, etc. Personality development has given birth to many related businesses that span globe. It includes image enhancement such skin care and make-up, fashion and clothing, among others. According to Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, the word personal is defined as: Belonging or relating to a particular person; Made or designed to be used by one person; Someone whose job involves working for or helping a particular person; and Of, relating to or, affecting a particular person. Examples: This is just my personal opinion.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited I can only tell you what I know from my personal experience. The word personality, on the other hand, is defines as: The set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc., that makes a person different from other people; Attractive qualities (such as energy, friendliness, and humor) that makes a person interesting or pleasant to be with; A person of importance, prominence, renown, or notoriety. Examples: He has a very pleasant personality. We all have different personalities. She is a renowned TV personality. And lastly, the word development is defined as: The act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more advance; The state of being created or made more advance; and The act or process of creating something over a period of time. Examples: The software is still in the early stages of development. Good nutrition is important for proper muscle development. Human nature is very complex. Although similar to many other living organisms that go through the process of birth, growth, development, regeneration and death, human beings are different as we possessed more complex capabilities such as self-awareness, analytical thinking, self-evaluation, motivation, decision making and reflective thought. These capabilities beyond mere survival instinct, are what distinguish the human species from the rest of the physical world.  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited Human beings have the sole capacity to reflect upon itself, and in the process develop self-awareness, become motivated, and then desire to grow and change for the better; and are prompted to mature and improve until it reaches its desired level of development. It is, therefore, natural for human beings to develop toward maturity and fullness (Carl Rogers 1961). Personal development may be defined as a process in which persons reflect upon themselves, understand who they are, accept what they discover about themselves, and learn (or unlearn) new sets of values, attitudes, behavior, and thinking skills to reach their potential as human beings. Zorka Hereford in her book, 9 essential Life Skills – A Guide for Personal Development and Self Realization, defined personal development as “the process of striving to be the best that you can be in order to reach and realize your full potential. It is a journey of self-discovery, self-improvement, and self- realization.” Psychology and Personal Development Psychology, being the study of human thinking and behavior, serves as a foundation for personal development. The two proponents of Humanistic Psychology were Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Maslow theorized the five stages of needs, peaking in what he termed as “self-actualization”. Meanwhile, Rogers (in his psychotherapy practiced), theorized that “the individual has within himself the capacity and tendency, latent if not evident, to move forward toward maturity”. Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited The Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to theorize the Five Stages of Human Development Who is Abraham Maslow? Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. Maslow was a psychology professor at Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research, and Columbia University. He stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people, as opposed to treating them as a "bag of symptoms". A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Maslow as the tenth most cited psychologist of the 20th century. What Is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? In the middle of his career as a professor of psychology, Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs whose popularity and  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited influence would lead to him to being the tenth most cited psychologist of the twentieth century (Haggbloom et al., 2002). Maslow studied both human and animal behavior, allowing him insight into both complex and very basic needs. In creating his hierarchy, Maslow (1943, 1954) first divided human needs into five categories: physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. List of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (From Most Basic to Most Advanced) 1. Physiological Needs - These are the things that most, if not all, organisms need to survive, such as the ability to breathe, stay warm enough or cool enough, get sleep when we need it, and have enough food and water to survive. 2. Safety and Security - The second set of needs provides for our safety and security. This includes being physically healthy and having the physical and interpersonal resources we need to survive, such as a home to live in. For children, this means having a reliable caregiver that keeps them healthy and provides for their physiological needs. 3. Love and Belonging - Once safety and security are established, we focus on feeling connected to others, such as having a romantic partner and friends in our lives. 4. Self-Esteem - Nearing the top of the hierarchy, our needs become centered on feeling good about ourselves. Are we recognized and respected for our contributions? Do people seem to like us for who we are or what we’re good at? We take these cues from other people and use them to support our positive beliefs about ourselves. 5. Self-Actualization - The most advanced need Maslow describes is that of being engaged in meaningful activities that align  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited with our values and express who we are. It refers to the complete realization of one’s potential, involving the full development of abilities and appreciation for life. Imagine a highly-paid and successful lawyer who does not find her work personally meaningful or believe in its purpose. Although all her other needs might be met, she likely would not feel she is self-actualized. Carl Rogers Humanistic Theory Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a humanistic psychologist best known for his views on the therapeutic relationship and his theories of personality and self-actualization. Rogers (1959) believed that for a person to “grow”, they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood). What is Humanism? Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual. Humanistic psychology begins with the existential assumptions that people have free will and are motivated to achieve their potential and self-actualize. As Humanistic Psychology waned in the late 1970’s, it was eventually revived decades later. Martin Seligman, a noted psychologist and president of the American Psychological Association, realized how psychology, after the Second World War, puts more emphasis in diagnosing, treating, and preventing psychological disorders and therefore focusing on a disease model of human nature. Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi helped focus this emphasis of psychology  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited form a disease model toward what is good and positive about human persons and their desire to achieve their full potentials. Positive psychology also created a balance between what is humanistic psychology emphasized that human nature is basically good, while adding that human nature is include both the positive and negative aspects. In short, positive psychology stresses that human nature has its good and potential strengths, as well as its inadequacies and weaknesses (Peterson 2006). Personal Development in Adolescence While personal development falls within the realm of psychology, it cannot be detached from the development of the brain and the rest of the body. Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood. Although scientist and psychologist may slightly differ in pegging the exact age of adolescence, it is widely believed to be between ages 11 or 12, and lasting to about 18 years of age (Feist and Rosenberg, 2012). There are three primary developmental stages of adolescence: Early adolescence (10 to 13 years) o Puberty begins in this stage o Children experience considerable physical growth and increased sexual interest o Body changes such as hair growth under the arms and near the genitals, breast development in females and enlargement of the testicles in males, starts to occur o These changes can start as early as age 8 for females and age nine for males o Girls may start their period around age 12 o Body changes can cause both curiosity and anxiety o Children may question their gender identity during this stage, and it can be a challenging time for transgender children Cognitive development at this stage  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited o Adolescents at this stage tend to have concrete, black- and-white, all-or-nothing thinking and a limited capacity for abstract thought o Thinking may be egocentric, and children this age may be self-conscious about their appearance and apprehensive about being judged by their peers o Intellectual interests expand, and early adolescents develop deeper moral thinking o Pre-teens also feel an increased need for privacy o They explore how to be independent from their family and may push boundaries and react strongly when limits are enforced Middle adolescence (14 to 17 years) o Puberty changes for both males and females continue o Males may have a growth spurt and some voice cracking as their voices lower o Physical growth for females slows and most have regular menstrual periods by this time o Interest in romantic and sexual relationships may start and teens may question and explore their sexual identity; masturbation may be a part of this sexual exploration and getting to know their body o Arguments with parents may increase as teens strive for more independence o Less time is spent with family and more time is spent with friends o Teens become more self-involved, appearances are important, and peer pressure can peak at this stage o The brain continues to mature and there is a growing capacity for abstract thought, though emotions often drive decision-making and they may act on impulse without thinking things through  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited o During this stage, children may start to set long-term goals and become interested in the meaning of life and moral reasoning Late adolescence/young adulthood (18 to 21 years and beyond) o This phase usually encompasses less physical development and more cognitive developments o Most have grown to their full adult height o In this stage, young people become able to think about ideas rationally, have impulse control and can delay gratification, and plan for the future o They have a stronger sense of identity and individuality and can identify their own values o They also experience increased independence, emotional stability, stability in friendships and romantic relationships, and may also establish an “adult relationship” with parents, looking to them less as authority figures and more as peers Adolescence starts with the biological changes called puberty. The Physical body undergoes growth spurts at this time, for both male and female, leading towards physical maturity. Biological changes bring about cognitive (thinking and reasoning) affective (feeling and emotions) changes. The child, who has reached adolescence, now capable of reasoning about abstract concept and problems. At this point, the adolescent become more inquisitive things like philosophy, religion, and politics. This is also the stage when they begin to ask question about their identity. Relationship with family and friends are also affected by puberty during adolescence. Friends become the center of relationship more than family. Spirituality and Religious Beliefs in Personality Development Personal development in the psychological, social, and biological context, it is also important to consider the spirituality and  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited religious belief of a person, and how this influence personal development. According to a research study titles “Adolescent Identity in the context Of the Filipino family” by May Ann Garo-Santiago, et al., states that, “Among Filipino adolescents, the family is the major agent of socialization (Medina, 1991) as it shapes the adolescents' personality, values, and attitudes.” “The most important values adolescents claim to have learned from the family are trust in God, obedience to parents, success, honesty and justice, and harmonious relationships (Porio, Lynch,& Hollnsteiner, 1975).” References: Carl Rogers Theory & Contribution to Psychology (simplypsychology.org) https://www.berkeleywellbeing.com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_are_the_three_stages_of_adolescen ce/article_em.htm  DAVAO CENTRAL COLLEGE TORIL, DAVAO CITY 8025 PHILIPPINES TEL. No.: 291-1882 ACSCU-ACI Accredited COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Level III Re Accredited