UTS Lesson 6-9 Reviewer PDF

Lesson 6. MATERIAL AND ECONOMIC SELF Belk stated that “we regard our possessions as part of ourselves. We are what we have and what we possess”. The possessions that we dearly have tell something about who we are, our self-concept, our past and even our future. William James wrote in his book that...

Lesson 6. MATERIAL AND ECONOMIC SELF Belk stated that “we regard our possessions as part of ourselves. We are what we have and what we possess”. The possessions that we dearly have tell something about who we are, our self-concept, our past and even our future. William James wrote in his book that understanding the self can be examined through its different components. These components are; 1. Its constituents 1.1. Material self – primarily is about our bodies, clothes, immediate family and home. 1.2. Social self - refers to how we perceive ourselves in relation to others. It involves relationship building, empathizing and communicating. 1.3. Spiritual self 1.4. The pure ego 2. The feelings and emotions they arouse (self feelings) 3. The actions to which they prompt (self-seeking and self-preservation) As James described self; “a man’s self is the sum total of all what he can call his”. Possessions then become a part or an extension of the self. Main Features and Characters in Consumer Culture 1. Consumer culture is a culture of consumption 2. Consumer culture is the culture of market society 3. Consumer culture is universal and impersonal 4. Consumer culture identifies freedom with private choice and life 5. Consumer needs are insatiable and unlimited 6. Consumer culture is a privileged medium for building personal identity and status The Problem with Consumerism 1. It is intrusive 2. It is manipulative 3. It cannot provide many of the things that are important to us 4. It restricts our choices and lives 5. It affects our world view and characters 6. It is unsustainable Avoid the Trap 1. Exercise intellectual independence 2. Consume less, live more Consumerism – the consumption of material goods and services in excess of one’s basic needs. Consumer Culture – a social system in which consumption is dominated by the consumption of commercial products. Consumerist Society – one in which people spend a great deal of time, money and energy to consume commercial products, goods and services. Materialism – refers to giving more importance to material possession than intangible values. Lesson 7. THE SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS SELF Religion – a set of cultural beliefs and practices of human beings in relation to that in which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine or worthy of special reverence. Spiritual – is defined as relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things. Religious Person – is someone who believes in a god or group of gods and consciously adheres to the beliefs of his religion. Spiritual Person – places little importance on beliefs and traditions and is more concerned with growing and experiencing the Divine. Contemplative Practice – a method to develop concentration, deepen understanding and insight and cultivate awareness and compassion. Examples of Contemplative Practices 1. Meditation - a practice where and individual uses a technique - such as mindfulness or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought or activity - to train attention and awareness and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state. 2. Prayer - a spiritual communion with God or an object of worship, as in supplication, thanksgiving, adoration or confession. 3. Yoga - a type of exercise in which you move your body into various positions in order to become more fit or flexible, to improve your breathing and to relax your mind. 4. Journaling - is simply the act of informal writing as a regular practice. The Four Dimensions of Religion 1. Beliefs – are generalized system of ideas and values that shape how members of a religious group come to understand the world around them. 2. Rituals – are the repeated physical gestures or activities used to reinforce religious teachings, elicit spiritual feelings and connect worshippers with a higher power. Classification of Rituals 2.1. Imitative 2.2. Positive and negative 2.3. Sacrificial 2.4. Life crisis - the basic characteristics of life-crisis ritual is the transition from one mode of life to another. 3. Spiritual Experiences – feeling of immediate connection with a higher power. It could be a dream or vision where God speaks to a person or it could be a miraculous healing. 4. Unique Social Form of Community - frequently denominations, congregations, churches, parishes, synagogues or missions are identified as religious communities. The Major Religions 1. Judaism It is characterized by belief in one transcendent God. The oldest of the Abrahamic religion and the predecessor of Christianity and Islam. Torah is their sacred scripture or the Law. Five Major Festivals 1. Rosh Hashanah – new year 2. Yom kippur – day of atonement 3. Pesach – Passover 4. Shavout – pentecost 5. Sukkot – tabernacles 2. Christianity Is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Considered as the world’s largest religion. The word of God is written in the Bible. 3. Islam The religious faith of Muslims who worship Allah as the sole deity and believes in Muhammad as his prophet. Islam means willing submission to God. Root word of Islam is Salam which means peace. The holy scripture of Islam is the Koran. Five Pillars of Islam 1. Shahadah – statement of faith 2. Salat –the prayer that is practiced 5 times a day 3. Zakat – the monetary offering 4. Hajj – the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca 5. Sawn – the fasting 4. Hinduism Considered as the world’s oldest religion. Hindus believed that existence is a cycle of birth, death and rebirth, governed by Karma. Karma is a concept where the reincarnated life will depend on how the past life was spent. The oldest ancient sacred texts of Hinduism are called the Vedas. Festivals 1. Diwali – the festival of lights 2. Navrati – the festival of nine nights 5. Buddhism Refers to the teaching of Sidharta Gautama Buddha. Buddhism believes that life is not a bed of roses. Buddhism does not believe in Divine realm or God as a supernatural being, but instead follows the wisdom of their founder. Meditation Practices 1. Samatha – is practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving-kindness. 2. Vipassana – aim at developing insight into reality. Lesson 8. THE POLITICAL SELF Who is a Filipino? According to the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Filipino citizens are “those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines, those born before January 17,1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority and those who are naturalized in accordance with law”. Strength of the Filipino Character 1. Pakikipagkapwa tao 2. Family orientation 3. Joy and humor 4. Flexibility,adaptability and creativity 5. Hardwork and industry 6. Faith and religiosity 7. Ability to survive Weaknesses of the Filipino Character 1. Extreme personalism 2. Extreme family-centeredness 3. Lack of discipline 4. Passivity and lack of initiative 5. Colonial mentality 6. Kanya-kanya syndrome 7. Lack of self-analysis and self-reflection Dr. Patricia B. Licuanan wrote that the strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino character are rooted in the following. 1. The home environment 2. The social environment 3. Culture and language 4. History 5. The educational institution 6. Religion 7. The economic environment 8. The political environment 9. Mass media 10. Leadership and role model Filipino Values and Traits 1. Hospitality 2. Respect for elders 3. Close family ties 4. Cheerful personality 5. Self-sacrifice 6. Bayanihan 7. Bahala na attitude 8. Colonial mentality 9. Manana habit 10. Ningas kugon 11. Pride 12. Crab mentality 13. Filipino time Filipino Markers 1. Proverbs or salawikain - are often metaphorical and use formulaic language. Collectively, they form a genre of folklore. - is a simple and insightful, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based on common sense or experience. 2. Superstitions 3. Myth and legends - a myth are symbolic narratives, unknown origin, traditional and actual events with religious beliefs. The main characters in myths are usually gods or supernatural heroes. - a legend is a traditional story about the past, origin of the things and phenomena. The main characters are usually kings or heroes. 4. Heroes and icons How to be a Good Filipino 1. Be an active citizen 2. Study the Philippine history 3. Support local products 4. Speak the Filipino language 5. Do not spread fake news and be democratic in engaging with dissent Lesson 9. THE DIGITAL SELF Lionel Trilling’s analysis of literature about the self and its relationship with others distinguished sincerity and authenticity. Sincerity refers to the exposure in public of what one feels privately. It is the virtue of one who communicates and acts in accordance with the entirety of their feelings, beliefs, thoughts and desires in a manner that is honest and genuine. Authenticity is a philosophical concept that denotes the genuine, original, true state of human existence. An authentic person is one who takes action based on some internal standard and takes responsibility for this freely chosen action. The social world of a western-influenced society, like the Philippines, consists of three domains; family, school and neighborhood. The emergence of the internet adds a fourth domain- the online life- to the social world. Digital Self – the self that is constructed online. Characteristics: 1. Oriented inward toward the world of thoughts and feelings 2. Narrative in nature 3. Retractable 4. Multiplicable Self-presentation – people are able to present themselves online in the manner that they want to. Self-presentation Behavior – is any behavior intended to create, modify or maintain and impression of ourselves in the mind of others. Impression Management – is the attempt to control or influence any other people’s perceptions. Strategies: 1. Self-promotion – is a process in which a person actively says things of takes action to show his competence to an audience. 2. Ingratiation – is the process by which someone tries to win the approval or acceptance of another. 3. Exemplification – involves strategic self-sacrifice so that observer may recognize the dedication. 4. Intimidation – is a strategy that involves showing off authority, power or the potential to punish in order to be seen by observer as someone who could be or is dangerous. 5. Supplication – is an approach where the individual exploits his weaknesses or shortcomings to receive help or benefits. Online Identity – is actually the sum of all our characteristics and our interactions. Partial Identity – is a subset of characteristics that make up our identity. Persona – is the partial identity we create that represents ourselves in a specific situation. Personal (individual) Identity – is the interpersonal level of self which differentiates the individual as unique from others. The concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. Social Identity – is the level of self whereby the individual is identified by his group memberships. It is a person’s sense of who he is based on group membership. Private – refers to mental events in a person that are inherently unobservable by others. Public – are behaviors that are open to the observations of other people.