USHIST HW 5A 2024 PDF

United States History Homework 5-A Identifications: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the next heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was visiting Sarajev...

United States History Homework 5-A Identifications: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the next heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia when he was assassinated by a teenage revolutionary. His death was the catalyst for the start of WW1 because Austria wanted to go in and investigate people in Serbia but Serbia refused. In response, Austria-Hungary instead declared war on July 28, 1914, one month after Ferdinand’s death. He is important because his death is what ultimately led to WW1. Allies The Allied powers consisted of Serbia, Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Romania,Greece, Japan, Portugal and China. These powers are aiding Serbia in the war against Austria Hungary. The US joined later, in 1918. This is important because they were the key contributors to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. Central Powers The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. These powers are aiding Austria-Hungary in the war against Serbia. This is important because it split the Ottoman Empire and the Austria Hungarian Empire into multiple countries such as Austria, Hungary and Poland. The Lusitania The Lusitinia was a British ocean liner that was sunk by German subs on May 7, 1915. 1198 passengers of the 1959 on board were killed in the process and 128 of those people were Americans. This incident changed American opinion to see Germany as the villain in this war. This is important because it was one of the major events that made America want to join the war against the  Central Powers, even though it didn’t for another 2 years. Sussex Pledge The Sussex Pledge was a pledge created by Germany to appease America. In February 1916, Germany gots desperate and announced attacks on all allied ships. This caused Wilson to protest but Germany was hoping to keep the US out of the war. On May 14, 1916, Germany issued the Sussex Pledge, which promised to attack only enemy navies. This is important because it kept the temper of America down, keeping the country out of the war. Zimmerman Telegram The Zimmerman Telegram was a telegram from Germany to Mexico. On 2/15/1917, Germany sent the telegram to Mexico to get them on their side. They secretly asked Mexico for an alliance in return for the US territory taken during the Mexican American war. This telegram was intercepted by Britain and sent to Wilson. Instead of keeping it quiet. It was publicized in America. This increased the tensions between America and Germany and an unofficial naval war ensued. This is important because it was the event that pushed America to join the Allies during WW1. Selective Service Act of 1917 The Selective Service Act of 1917 was an act that made it legal to get more members for the US Army. The act required all men ages of 21 to 45 to register for the military. This is important because without it, the Army would not have had enough people to fight in WW1. Armistice of 1918 The Armistice of 1918 was the agreement that ended fighting between the Central Powers and the Allies in early November of 1918. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and agreed to an armistice that would go into effect at 11:00 am on November 11,1918. It is important  because it ended any fighting for WW1 and created a peaceful environment for treaties to be negotiated. Committee on Public Information The Committee on Public Information was a US government agency tasked with sending out things such as propaganda for WW1. It was almost like yellow journalism, where it was manipulated to appeal to the public. It is important because it got the average American citizen on board with the war on Germany. Sedition Act of 1918 The Sedition Act of 1918 was an act that made it illegal to criticize the government by speaking, writing, printing , or publishing anything. It was made to last for 2 years, which was how long the duration of the war was predicted to last. It is important because it overridden one of the rights of the American citizens, which is freedom of speech. Liberty Bonds Liberty Bonds were loans to the government to pay for WW1. The total cost of the war was $32 billion, and while some of the money was raised through income taxes, a majority of it was gained from Liberty Bonds. You could loan the government money and they would pay you back at the time when the loan expires. This is important because it was a sign of patriotism to support the war. "Great Migration" The Great Migration was the migration of African Americans during 1917 to 1921. 450k African Americans moved from the South into Northern cities for jobs. In these northern cities, they encountered segregation and an increase in racial tension. There were many race riots that killed many african americans, such as one in East St. Louis, where 49 people were killed, and in Chicago, where 39 people were killed. It is important because it helped  assimilate African Americans into American society since they were more spread out and there was also less segregation in the North than in the South. Flu Epidemic of 1918 The Flu Edpiemix of 1918 was a global disease that was one of the biggest epidemics before Covid 19. The deaths in the US were estimated to be 120,000 but worldwide was estimated to have 40 million to 120 million deaths. This epidemic introduced many of the practices we have today, including wearing masks and social distancing. It is important because it exposed the hygiene issues in America and worked to improve some of them using posters to make this known. Fourteen Points The Fourteen Point was a list of things Wilson wanted to see after WW1. He wanted to make WWI the “war to end all war”. Some highlights are: open treaties (no secrecy), self determination for ethnic groups, and a League of Nations, which could create a better way to solve conflicts between countries. This is important because it was a vision for peace in the world. Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty signed to end WW1. It occurred in January 1919 at the Versailles Conférence. The “Big Four”involved were : United States, Britain, France, Italy. The USSR was not present. Wilson hoped to get a treaty that would not punish any nation much or at all. However the treaty did exactly the opposite. It officially blamed Germany for the war, and limited the Germany military to 100k troops, with only defensive armaments. It stated that Germany could not fortify its westernmost province (Rhineland). Germany also lost some territories and had to pay reparations to the Allies (over $30 billion). The final thing was that it created the League of Nations, which is what Wilson wanted most. This treaty was not  ratified in the US however, since there was not a ⅔ majority in the Senate.This is important because it later caused an economic crash and some vengeance brewing in Germany. League of Nations The League of Nations was an international organization aimed to keep peace in the world and to come up with better ways to solve conflicts. The US however never joined the League of Nations, due to it not getting enough votes in the Senate. It also did not have the ability to create an army to defeat any rogue countries, making it unable to stop any major conflicts, such as WWII. It is important because it created the groundwork for the evental United Nations, which has more structure. Short Essay Questions: 1. Why did the United States stay out of World War I for almost three years after the war first began? Why did it eventually enter the war? The US stayed out of the war due to purposefully not being involved in European affairs and because of the Anti-War protests that were happening. Most Americans didn’t want to be involved with European affairs. President Wilson believed, like Teddy Roosevelt, that America should be the peacekeeper and should not take sides in the matter. Also occurring, there was a huge pacific movement that was protesting against war. Many American citizens do believe that this was a European problem and wasn’t their concern. The main reason it entered the war was because of the Zimmerman Telegram. The Zimmerman Telegram was a telegram from Germany to Mexico. On 2/15/1917, Germany sent the telegram to Mexico to get them on their side. They secretly asked Mexico for an alliance in return for the US territory taken during the Mexican American war. This telegram was intercepted by Britain and sent to Wilson. Instead of keeping it quiet. It was publicized in America. This increased the tensions between America and Germany and an unofficial naval war ensued. It did enter the war soon after this however. 2. Explain three SOCIAL changes that occurred in the United States as a result of our participation in World War I. Three social changes that occurred in the US were women employment rates increasing, The Great Migration, and the growth of Propaganda and the CPI. Some of the barriers to employment were lowered, meaning women were put into positions that under normal circumstance, they would not be in.Some women worked in factories, or farm laborers to help with the supply of food or other materials for the war. The Great Migration was the migration of African Americans during 1917 to 1921. 450k African Americans moved from the South into Northern cities for jobs. In these northern cities, they encountered segregation and an increase in racial tension. There were many race riots that killed many african americans, such as one in East St. Louis, where 49 people were killed, and in Chicago, where 39 people were killed. It did help assimilate African Americans into American society and there was also less segregation in the North than in the South. The Committee on Public Information was a US government agency tasked with sending out things such as propaganda for WW1. It was almost like yellow journalism, where it was manipulated to appeal to the public. 3. Why did the Treaty of Versailles fail to be ratified, despite Wilson’s support for it?What did many Americans fear regarding it? The reason the Treaty of Versailles failed to be ratified is because people didn’t agree with the terms of the treaty and most importantly, the League of Nations. Some people didn’t want Germany to become vengeful, since the war was being pushed onto them and all terms were focused on punishing them. At this time, most Americans didn’t want to be involved with European affairs, and previous presidents, like James Monroe, stayed true to this, not getting involved. Many senators believed that the US would be pulled into foreign conflicts unintentionally.Wilson also had a stroke that year, making it impossible for him to convince the Senate some more to ratify the treaty. The Senate voted twice and both times failed to ratify the treaty.