Urinary System Nursing PDF

Urinary system Introduction Intended learning outcome: Urinary system consist of Identify the anatomy of different urinary organs(kidney, Ureter, two Kidneys, two ureters, Bladder, Urethra)....

Urinary system Introduction Intended learning outcome: Urinary system consist of Identify the anatomy of different urinary organs(kidney, Ureter, two Kidneys, two ureters, Bladder, Urethra). urinary bladder & urethra. Describe the position of the kidneys. describe the external and internal structure of the kidney. Identify and describe the main differences between the male and Urine flows from each female urinary systems. kidney, down to the ureters then to the bladder and Introduction finally outside the body via Urinary system is the system that eliminate waste products the urethra. and toxic substances from the body by filtration of the blood and return most of water and solutes back to the bloodstream. 1 2  1- Kidneys Location and Shape: Kidney is bean-shaped paired organ Kidney lies just above the waist between the peritoneum & posterior abdominal wall on each side of the vertebral column, at about the level of the first lumber vertebra L1. Protected by 11th & 12th ribs. 3 4  right kidney found in lower level than the left one due to presence of liver in the right side which compress the right kidney downward. The kidney is covered by fibrous capsule called renal capsule which separate the kidney from adrenal gland. 5 Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys: Renal medulla consist of triangular structures called Renal Pyramid. Parenchyma of kidney divided into 2 parts: the apex of the renal pyramid called renal papilla. 1)Renal cortex 2)Renal medulla In the middle there is a cavity called (renal sinus) which filled by drainage system. drainage system: cuplike structure (minor calyces) collect urine from the papillary ducts of the papilla and empty into the major calyces. major calyces empty into the renal pelvis which empties into the ureter. 7 Renal sinus 8 Internal Anatomy of Kidney Urine collection Overview of Kidney Functions: Filtering blood Excretion of wastes & foreign Ducts within each renal substances. papilla release urine Regulation of blood volume; by conserving or into minor calyx eliminating water. Regulation of blood pressure (secreting the enzyme renin) (increasing or decreasing blood volume). major calyx Release of erythropoietin (a hormone which stimulate production of red blood cells). Play important role on acid-base balance. renal pelvis Role in vitamin D synthesis ureter 11 12 The Nephron: Structure of Renal Corpuscle Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney Bowman’s capsule Each Kidney has over 1 million nephrons composed of two parts renal corpuscle and renal tubule -Renal corpuscle consist of: o glomerular capillaries where filtration occurs o Bowman’s capsule is cup shape that collects filtrate -Renal tubule consist of: oproximal convoluted tubule oloop of Henle (Aescending, Ascending) odistal convoluted tubule Glomerular capillaries 13 15 16  2-Anatomy of Ureters Muscular tube 25 cm long. It begins as a continuation of the renal pelvis. Extends from renal pelvis to bladder Enters posterior wall of urinary bladder  3-Anatomy of Urinary Bladder Shape: Hollow, distensible muscular organ It has the shape of a three sided pyramid.The inferior angle isknown as the neck. capacity of 500 to 700 ml Location: lies in the pelvic cavity, Posterior to pubic symphsis. -In females anterior to vagina & inferior to uterus -In males anterior to rectum 19 20 Location of Urinary Bladder: Male versus Female 22  4-Anatomy of the Urethra Male Urethra: Length 19-20cm It is divided into the following known divisions: 1)Prostatic Urethra: Length 3cm Widest and most dilatable, it extends from the neck of the bladder inside the prostate gland. 2)Membranous Urethra: Length 1cm, narrow part Surrounded by external urethral sphincter (voluntary) 3)Penile Urethra (spongy Urethra): Length 16 cm Trigone is smooth triangular flat area bordered by 2 It extends inside the penis and opens externally ,through ureteric openings and one urethral opening. external urethral orifice(narrowest part of whole urethra) The male Urethra has both urinary function and ejaculatory function. 24 Female Urethra: Male versus Female Has only Urinary Function It is only 4 cm long. Extends from the neck of the Urinary bladder to open externally through the external urethral orifice anterior to the vaginal opening. 25 26  Types of Catheters: Urinary Catheter 1. Indwelling (Foley) Catheter - Long-term use, stays in place with an inflated balloon. What is a Urinary Catheter? 2. Intermittent (Straight) Catheter - Short-term, A urinary catheter is a flexible tube inserted into inserted for immediate drainage, then removed. the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. Used for patients who: 3. Suprapubic Catheter - Surgically placed through the abdomen for long-term use. 1- Cannot urinate on their own 2- Need continuous monitoring of urine output 3- Have undergone surgery or are immobile 27 28 29